UC-NRLF 


25fl    DD1 


GIFT  OF 


S7/3 


WORDS 

their 

Spelling  *  Pronunciation  *  Definition 
and  Application 


Compiled  by 

Rupert  P*  SoRelle 

and 
Charles  W*  Kitt 


(Thoroughly  revised  and  enlarged  by  RuperJ  P.   SoRelle,  1911) 


Greqq  (*Ba6(lsInnq  Company 

+&?• O7  <•_/       C=>0 

New  York  Chicago          San  Francisco 


Copyright,  1903,  By  JOHN  R.  GREGG 


Copyright,  1911, 

By 
THE  GREGG  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

K  86 


PREFACE 

POOR  spelling  has  been  justly  termed  the  reproach  of  American 
schools,  and  the  attention  that  spelling  is  now  receiving  from 
schools  of  all  grades,  including  colleges  and  universities,  shows 
the  importance  that  is  attached  to  this  subject. 

"  WORDS  "  is  the  outgrowth  of  an  urgent  need  of  a  speller  adapted 
to  the  requirements  of  commercial  schools,  where  much  has  to  be 
thoroughly  accomplished  in  a  brief  period  of  time.  These  lists  have 
been  greatly  enlarged  in  the  revised  edition  by  the  addition  of  six 
chapters. 

"  WORDS  "  was  prepared  by  two  teachers  of  long  experience  in  com- 
mercial school  lines,  the  lists  of  words  having  been  drawn  largely 
from  experience  in  correcting  transcripts  of  students. 

Thoughtful  educators  are  agreed  that  sight  has  quite  as  much,  if 
not  more,  to  do  with  learning  spelling  than  anything  else,  and  that, 
therefore,  the  great  advantage  of  this  fact  should  be  utilized  in 
teaching.  Another,  and  fully  as  important  a  consideration,  is  teach- 
ing the  words  in  sentences.  These  two  fundamental  principles 
underlie  the  plan  of  "  WORDS."  They  have  been  strengthened  by  a 
logical  mechanical  arrangement  and  the  utilization  of  every  psycho- 
logical aid  possible  to  secure  the  best  results  with  the  least  effort. 

"  WORDS  "  possesses  many  distinctive  advantages  over  other  spell- 
ing texts.  The  following  features  embody  important  improvements 
which  will,  we  are  sure,  appeal  with  special  force  to  every  discrim- 
inating and  progressive  teacher: 

1.  It  presents  the  words  in  the  first  column  as  commonly  seen 
in  print,   without   diacritical   marks   or   division   in  syllables,   thus 
giving  a  correct  first  impression  of  the  word. 

2.  The  word  is  marked  diacritically  in  the   second   column,   in 
accordance  with  the  method  used  in  Webster's  International  Dic- 
tionary, and  divided  properly  into  syllables  for  the  purpose  of  afford- 
ing the  student  a  thorough  drill  in  pronunciation  and  syllabication. 

3.  A  clear,  concise  definition  of  the  word  is  given  in  the  third 
column. 

4.  On   the  opposite   page   sentences    are    given    illustrating   the 
practical  application  of  the  words.     These  sentences,  for  the  most 
part,  are  quotations  from  well-known  authors,  and  were  selected  for 
a  double  purpose— rto  give  a  clear  idea  of  the  correct  use  of  the  words, 
and  for  their  educational  value.     The  sentences  should  be  used  as 
dictation  exercises. 

5.  The  arrangement  of  the  book  makes  it  possible  to  cover  a 
comprehensive  list  of  words,  which  have  been  selected  because  of 
their  frequency  and  their  liability  to  be  misspelled. 


359790 


6.  Original  woyk  is?  given  on  each  lesson.     At  the  end  of  each 
lesson,  woris  aiv  given  -;o  be  looked  up  in  the  dictionary.    This  plan, 
together  with  the  application  of  the  words  in  sentences,  relieves  the 
study  of  much  of  its  dryness  and  maintains  the  interest  of  the  stu- 
dent.    In  addition   to  this,   it  induces   the  student  to   consult   the 
dictionary  frequently,   a   habit,   when  formed,   that   will   lead   ulti- 
mately to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  words. 

7.  The  work  is  planned  to  cover  a  three,   six  or  nine  months' 
course,  depending  on  the  manner  in  which  it  is  handled,  thus  making 
it  peculiarly   adapted   to   the   work   of   business   schools   and   high 
schools  with  commercial  courses. 

8.  The  arrangement  by  weeks  is  another  feature  that  will  appeal 
to  the  teacher.    Four  days  of  the  week  are  devoted  to  regular  exer- 
cises, and  on  the  fifth,  a  review  and  general  exercise  is  given. 

9.  The  lessons  on  "  Words  Often  Mispronounced,"  "  Plurals  and 
Possessives,"  "  Words  of  Opposite  Meaning,"  and  the  technical  word 
lists  added  to  this  edition,  will,  it  is  believed,  be  greatly  appreciated 
by  the  friends  of  "  WORDS." 

Webster's  International  Dictionary  has  been  selected  as  authority 
for  pronunciation,  and,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  the  words  have 
been  marked  diacritically  in  accordance  with  the  International's 
method. 

Many  of  the  sentences  selected  to  illustrate  the  use  of  words  have 
been  taken  from  the  Standard  Dictionary;  acknowledgment  must 
also  be  made  to  "  Synonyms  Discriminated,"  by  Charles  John  Smith, 
for  valuable  aid  in  making  discriminations  in  the  use  of  synonyms. 

THE  AUTHORS. 

NEW  YORK,  June,  1911. 


GUIDE   TO    PRONUNCIATION 

a,  as  in  ate,  made 

6,  as  in  6-bey',  pro-pose' 

a,  as  in  pref  '-ace 

6,  as  in  orb,  ab-hdr* 

a,  as  in  air,  care 

6,  as  in  not,  6c-cur/ 

a,  as  in  fat,  am 

o,  as  in  wom'-an 

a,  as  in  far,  art,  palm 

u,  as  in  use,  hu'-man 

a,  as  in  ask,  dance 

u,  as  in  u-nite,  '  hu-mane' 

a,  as  in  fi'-nal 

u,  as  in  rude,  ru/mor 

a,  as  in  all,  talk 

u,  as  in  put,  push 

a,  as  in  what,  was 

u,  as  in  up,  cup 

e,  as  in  eve,  de'-it-y 

u,  as  in  urn,  burn 

£,  as  in  e-vent,'  se-rene' 

y,  as  in  pit'-y,  in'-ju-ry 

e",  as  in  end,  let 

oo,  as  in  food,  fool 

e,  as  in  her,  fern 

oo,  as  in  foot,  good 

e,  as  in  re'-cent,  de'-cen-cy 

ou,  as  in  out,  thou 

I,  as  in  ice,  bind 

oi,  as  in  oil,  rejoice' 

i,  as  in  i-de'-a,  bi-ol'-o-gy 
I,  as  in  111,  plt'-y 

'   indicates  voice   glide   as  in 
pardon  (pard'n),  evil  (e'v'l) 

6,  as  in  note,  6'ver 

NOTE.  —  For  markings  not  given  in  this  table,  see  Webster's  Inter- 
national Dictionary. 

RULES    FOR   SPELLING 


RULE  I.  Monosyllables,  and  words  accented  on  the  last  syllable, 
ending  in  a  single  consonant  preceded  by  a  single  vowel,  double  the 
final  consonant  before  an  affix  beginning  with  a  vowel.  Examples: 
recur,  recurrent ;  forget,  forgetting ;  hot,  hottest ;  beg,  beggar ;  blot, 
blotting. 

Exception.  When  the  original  accent  is  thrown  back,  the  final 
consonant  is  not  doubled.  Refer',  reference;  prefer',  preference. 

Where  Rule  I  does  not  apply,  the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled. 
Examples :  offer,  offering ;  appear,  appearance. 

RULE  II.  Final  y,  preceded  by  a  consonant,  is  changed  to  i  before 
an  affix.  Examples :  busy,  busily,  business ;  pity,  pitiful,  pitied ; 
spy,  spied,  spies. 

Exceptions.  1.  After  t  the  y  is  changed  into  e  before  ous.  Ex- 
amples :  plenteous ;  beauteous. 

2.  Before  ing  or  isli  the  y  is  retained  to  avoid  the  doubling  of  f. 
Examples:     pitying,  spying,  babyish. 

3.  In  the  possessive  singular  of  nouns  y  is  never  changed.     Ex- 
amples:   fly's,  spy's. 

4.  Y  is  not  changed  in  derivatives  of  sky,  spry,  shy,  sly,  wry,  dry ; 
except  drier,  driest,  which  conform  to  Rule  II.    Final  y  preceded  by 
a  vowel  is  not  changed  to  i  before  an  affix.     Examples :    buy,  buyer ; 
destroy,  destroyer;    pay,  payment. 

RULE  III.  Words  ending  in  silent  e  drop  e  on  taking  an  affix 
beginning  with  a  vowel.  Examples :  sale,  salable ;  sole,  soling ;  love, 
loving;  force,  forcible. 

Exceptions.  1.  Words  ending  in  ce  or  ge  retain  the  e  before  able 
or  ous,  in  order  to  keep  the  soft  sound  of  the  c  or  g.,  Examples: 
trace,  traceable;  courage,  courageous. 

2.  Shoeing,  mileage,  toeing,  hoeing;    in  singeing  and  dyeing  the  e 
is  retained  to  distinguish  the  words  from  singing  and  dying. 

3.  Words  ending  in  ie  drop  e  and  change  i  to  y  on  adding  ing. 
Examples:    die,  dying;    lie,  lying. 

4.  The  e  is  retained  on  taking  an  affix  beginning  with  a  consonant. 
Examples :      state,   statement ;     ripe,    ripeness ;     apprentice,    appren- 
ticeship. 

Exceptions.  Duly,  truly,  wholly,  awful,  argument,  abridgment, 
acknowledgment,  judgment,  etc. 

6 


CHAPTER   I 


A  ND  therefore,  first  of  all,  I  tell  you  earnestly 
•^*  and  authoritatively  (I  know  I  am  right  in 
this),  that  you  must  get  into  the  habit  of  looking  in- 
tensely at  words,  and  assuring  yourself  of  their 
meaning,  syllable  by  syllable — nay,  letter  by  letter. 
The  study  of  books  is  called  literature,  and  a  man 
versed  in  it  is  called,  by  the  consent  of  nations,  a 
man  of  letters,  instead  of  a  man  of  books  or  of 
words.  You  might  read  all  the  books  in  the  British 
Museum  (if  you  could  live  long  enough),  and  remain 
an  utterly  "illiterate,"  uneducated  person;  but  if 
you  read  ten  pages  of  a  good  book,  letter  by  letter, 
that  is  to  say,  with  real  accuracy,  you  are  for  ever- 
more in  some  measure  an  educated  person. — Ruskin. 


FIRST  LESSON—  Short  Words  Commonly  Misspelled 

much 

much 

Great  in  quantity  ;    in  a  great  degree. 

sure 

shur 

Certain;    stable;   infallible. 

very 

v6r'-y 

In  a  high  degree  ;   real  ;  actual  ;   true  ;   same. 

busy 

blz'-I 

Employed;    constantly  active. 

almost 

al'-most 

Very  nearly  ;    closely  approaching. 

there 
their 
each 

thar 
thar 
ech 

In  or  at  that  place;    to  that  place;    at  that 
condition  of  affairs. 
The  possessive  case  of  the  personal  pronoun 
they. 
Every  one  of  a  number. 

agree 

a-gre' 

To  come  to  an  understanding;    assent. 

urge 

urj 

To  press  forcibly  in  any  direction. 

which 
again 

hwlch 
a-gen' 

What  individual  person  or  thing  of  a  certain 
number  or  class. 
Another  time  ;    once  more. 

whose 

hooz 

The  possessive  case  of  icho;  often  of  which. 

value 

val'-u 

Worth;    excellence;    utility;    importance. 

dollar 

d6l'-ler 

The  U.  S.  unit  of  reckoning  money  ;  100  cents. 

bargain 
bushel 

bar'-gln 
bush'-el 

An  agreement  or   stipulation  ;    an  advanta- 
geous purchase. 
A  measure  of  capacity  ;    four  pecks. 

gallon 

gar-iun 

Four  quarts. 

barrel 
please 

bSr'-rel 
plez 

An  approximately  cylindrical  vessel  made  of 
wooden  staves,  held  together  by  hoops. 
To  gratify  ;   to  give  or  afford  pleasure. 

weigh 
once 

wa 
wuns 

To  find  the  weight  of  ;  to  ponder  with  a  view 
to  forming  a  judgment. 
One  time  only;    without  repetition. 

here 

her 

In  the  place  where  the  speaker  is. 

hear 

her 

To  perceive'  by  the  sense  of  hearing. 

potato 

po-ta'-to 

A   well    known   plant,    tubers    of   which    are 
eaten. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    cheese,  across,  friend,  eager 

THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Knowledge  and  timber  shouldn't  be  much  used  until  they  are 

seasoned." 

2  "  The  testimony  of  the  Lord  is  sure" 

3  "  Deeds  of  justice  and  charity  are  the  very  first  fruits  of  repent- 

ance." 

4  "  Their  busy  life  is  like  a  river." 

5  "  In  1787  many  of  the  best  men  of  the  country,  such  as  Washing- 

ton, Franklin  and  Hamilton,  had  almost  begun  to  despair  of 
the  new  Confederation." 

6  "  The  darkness  there  might  well  seem  twilight  here." 

7  It  is  their  privilege  to  reject  the  offer. 

8  "  To  worship  right  is  to  love  each  other." 

9  "  Always  think  twice  when  saints  and  sinners,  honest  men  and 

editors,  agree  in  a  eulogy." 

10  "  I  never  urge  a  man  to  speak  if  he  has  ever  so  little  mind  to  hold 

his  tongue  quiet." 

11  The  relative  pronouns  are  who,  which,  that,  and  what.    Who  is 

applied  to  persons.  Which  was  formerly  applied  to  persons  as 
well  as  things ;  now  applied  to  animals  and  things  without 
life. 

12  "  The  light  of  smiles  shall  feel  again 

The  lids  that  overflow  with  tears." 

13  We   will   leave  the  decision  of  that  question   to   those  whose 

minds  are  better  able  to  cope  with  it. 

14  "  Value  is  made  up  of  three  essential  notions  or  elements:     (1) 

of  the  will,  (2)  effort  or  labor  required  in  procuring  or  pro- 
ducing the  article  valued,  (3)  ownership  or  appropriation." 

15  A  silver  dollar  weighs  412.5  grains,  of  which  41.25  are  alloy. 

16  "  Next  to  the  pleasure  of  buying  a  bargain  for  one's  self  is  the 

pleasure  of  persuading  a  friend  to  buy  it." 

17  The  \veight  of  a  bushel  of  various  commodities  is  different  in 

different  states. 

18  The  United  States  uses  the  Winchester  gallon,  or  wine  gallon, 

of  231  cubic  inches,  as  a  standard. 

19  A  standard  barrel,  as  one  containing  potatoes,  apples,  etc.,  is 

about  31  inches  high. 

20  "  For  we  that  live  to  please,  must  please  to  live." 

21  *  Every  man  feels  instinctively  that  all  the  beautiful  sentiments 

in  the  world  weigh  less  than  a  single  lovely  action." 

22  "  No  star  is  ever  lost  we  once  have  seen, 

We  always  may  be  what  we  might  have  been." 

23  "  He  is  not  here,  for  he  is  risen." 

24  "  My  son,  hear  the  instruction  of  thy  father." 

25  "  History  dates  the  introduction  of  the  potato  into  the  British 

Isles  at  about  1586." 

9 


SECOND  LESSON-Short  Words  Commonly  Misspelled 

enough 

e-nuf 

Adequate  for  the  demand  or  need;    plenty. 

learn 

lern 

To  gain  knowledge  of  by  study;    investiga- 

tion ;    observation  ;    inquiry. 

teach 

tech 

To  give  instruction  to;   train;    counsel. 

seeing 

se'-mg 

Taking   into   consideration;    to  perceive   by 

the  eye. 

height 

hit 

Distance  above  some  natural  or  assumed  base. 

breadth 

bredth 

Measure  or  distance  from  side  to  side;    free- 

dom from  narrowness  of  view. 

notice 

no'-tls 

To  take  note  of  by  the  senses  or  the  intellect  ; 

to  make  observations  or  comments  upon. 

such 

such 

Of  that  kind;    being  the  same  as  has  been 

mentioned  or  indicated. 

nostril 

nos'-trll 

One  of  the  anterior  openings  in  the  nose. 

forehead 

f6r'-ed 

The  upper  part  of  the  face;    brazen  assump- 

tion. 

muscle 

mus"l 

An  organ  composed  of  contractile  fibers. 

truly 

tru'-ly 

In  conformity  with  fact  or  reality  ;    with  ac- 

curacy or.nice  precision  ;  with  loyal  honesty. 

heavy 

hev'-y 

Hard  to  lift  or  carry  ;  burdensome  ;  grievous. 

always 

al'-waz 

Throughout  all  time  ;  perpetually  ;  ceaselessly. 

piece 

pes 

To  combine  or  reunite;    a  loose  or  separate 

part. 

eight 

at 

The  sum  of  seven  and  one. 

rolled 

rol'd 

Past  tense  of  roll. 

where 

whar 

At  or  in  what  place,  relation  or  station. 

model 

mod'-el 

To  mold  or  shape;    worthy  to  be  imitated. 

shriek 

shrek 

A  sharp,  shrill  outcry,  usually  involuntary. 

sneeze 

snez 

The  convulsive  motion  and  explosive  sound 

attendant  on  the  ejection  of  air  through 

the  nose  and  mouth  in  sneezing. 

neither 

/  ne'-ther  \ 
\m'-ther  J 

Not  either;   neither  the  one  nor  the  other. 

Je'-therl 

One  or  the  other  of  two;    each  of  two;    one 

either 

\  I'-ther  J 

and  the  other  separately. 

ready 

red'-y 

In  a  state  of  preparedness  for  any  given  pur- 

pose or  occasion;    willing;    prompt. 

scythe 

slth 

A  long  curved  blade  for  mowing,  reaping,  etc. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :   scissors,  sieve,  until,  pledge 

10 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  A  bullet  or  two,  a  button,  a  brass  plate  from  a  soldier's  belt, 

served  well  enough  for  mementos  of  my  visit." 

2  Learn  was   used   in  the   sense  of   teach   by    Shakespeare;     as, 

"  And  learn  me  how  to  lose  a  winning  match." 

3  Plato  returned  to  Athens  and  began  to  teach.    Like  his  master, 

he  taught  without  money  and  without  price. 

4  "Why  do  we  fear  death,  seeing  it  is  but  gain  to  die?" 

5  The  height  of  the  atmosphere  is  generally  supposed  to  be  forty- 

five  or  fifty  miles.  • 

6  "  The   historian   should   be  a   gentleman,   and    possess   a   moral 

breadth  of  temperament." 

7  "  Carlyle's  various  essays  have  been  greatly  noticed  and  admired." 
"  I  shall  not  notice  his  attack." 

8  "  Experience  enables  us  to  see  that  such  and  such  results  are  likely 

to  flow  from  such  and  such  combinations  of  circumstances." 
"  Such  is  essentially  a  term  of  comparison,  and  to  complete  its 
force  that  with  which  comparison  is  made  requires  to  be  ex- 
pressed, implied,  or  understood." 

9  The  nostrils  give  passage  to  the  air  breathed. 

10  "  The  villain,  whose  life  they  had  preserved,  had  the  heart  and  the 

forehead  to  appear  as  the  principal  witness  against  them." 

11  There  are  about  four  hundred  muscles  in  the  human  body. 

12  "  No   work   truly   done,   no   word   earnestly   spoken,   no   sacrifice 

freely  made,  was  ever  made  in  vain." 

13  The  human  brain  is  heavier  than  that  of  any  of  the  lower  ani- 

mals except  the  elephant  and  the  whale. 

14  "  The   English-speaking  race   has  always   stood   first  among  the 

races  for  Peace,  Liberty,  Justice,  and  Law." 

15  "  We  see  the  world  piece  by  piece,  as  the  sun,  the  moon,  the  ani- 

mal, the  tree." 

16  "  She  wrote  verses  at  the  age  of  eight." 

17  The  food  was  rolled  up  in  preparation  for  cooking. 

18  "  Where  two  or  three  are  gathered  together,  there  am  I  in  the 

midst  of  them." 

19  "  Statues  in  gold  bronze  could  not  have  been  modeled  and  cast  in 

Rome  in  608." 

20  "  She  shrieked  his  name  to  the  dark  woods." 

21  The  peasants  in  Sweden  take  off  their  hats  as  you  pass;    you 

sneeze,  and  they  say  "  God  bless  you !  " 

22  "  When  a  man  works  only  for  himself  he  gets  neither  rest  here 

nor  reward  hereafter." 

23  "  '  Take  either  side  of  the  river '  means  that  one  or  the  other  of 

the  two  sides  may  be  taken." 

24  "  My  oxen  and  my  fatlings  are  killed,  and  all  things  are  ready; 

come  unto  the  marriage." 

25  The  scythe  has  been  superseded  by  labor-saving  machinery. 

11 


THIRD  LESSON—  Short  Words  Commonly  Misspelled 

forth 

forth 

Forward  ;    in  place  or  order  ;   out  of. 

chief 

chef 

The  principal  ;   the  first  ;  the  most  important. 

busily 

blz'-My 

Industriously. 

grief     . 

gref 

Pain  of  mind  ;   sorrow  ;   sadness. 

abound 

a-bound' 

To  possess  in  great  quantity  ;    to  be  in  great 

quantity. 

coming 

kum'-ing 

The  act  of  approaching;    arrival;    advent. 

image 

Im'-aj 

A  likeness;    the  appearance  or  resemblance 

of  a  person  or  thing. 

pierce 

pers 

To  penetrate  ;   to  force  a  way  into. 

limit 

llm'-It 

That  which  limits,  bounds  or  circumscribes; 

the  fullest  extent. 

ninety 

nm'-ty 

Nine  times  ten. 

fourth 

forth 

A  quarter;    one  of  four  equal  parts. 

already 

al-red'-y 

Generally  used  to  mean  at  a  bygone  time. 

brief 

bref 

Short  ;    concise  ;   not  lasting. 

loose 

loos 

To  set  at  liberty;    to  free;   not  tight  or  con- 

fined ;    unfastened. 

lose 

looz 

To  be  deprived  of;   to  fail  to  gain. 

bureau 

bu'-ro 

An  office  where  business  is  transacted;    the 

.  occupants  of  such  an  office. 

valise 

va-les' 

A  leather  bag  to  hold  a  traveler's  'equipment. 

attack 

at-tak' 

To  assail;    to  censure;    to  find  fault  with. 

twelve 

twelv 

The  sum  of  ten  and  two  ;   twice  six. 

though 

tho 

Granting;    admitting;    notwithstanding  this 

or  that. 

occur 

6k-kur' 

To  happen  ;   to  be  found  existing. 

against 

a-genst' 

In  opposition  to  ;   averse  to. 

welcome 

weT-kum 

Pleasing  ;   grateful. 

triple 

trlp'-'l 

To  make  threefold  the  quantity  or  number; 

consisting  of  three  things  united,  or  of  three 

parts. 

lessen 

les'-'n 

To  make  or  cause  to  be  less;    to  become  of 

less  importance  or  force. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    coarse,  course,  'birth,  berth 

12 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Bring  your  music  forth  into  the  air." 

2  Crabb  distinguishes  "  chief  "  and  "  principal  "  thus  :     Chief  re- 

gards order  and  rank ;   principal  has  regard  to  importance  and 
respectability. 

3  "  How  busily  she  turns  the  leaves !  " 

4  "  Her  voice  was  full  of  grief  and  sorrow." 

5  "  A  faithful  man  shall  abound  with  great  blessings." 

6  The  man  was  coming  toward  us  at  a  rapid  pace. 

7  "  The  image  was  not  only  imperfect  in  rendering,  but  inartistic." 

8  "  Can  curses  pierce  the  clouds  and  enter  heaven?" 

9  "  Limit  each  leader  to  his  particular  charge."     "  The  limit  of  your 

lives  is  out." 

10  "  Enos  lived  ninety  years." 

11  On  the  fourth  day  of  July  we  celebrate  the  signing  of  the  Dec- 

laration of  Independence. 

12  Long  before  the  final  decision  of  the  judge,  the  verdict  of  public 

opinion  will  already  have  been  given. 

13  "  I  doubt  not  but  I  shall  make  it  plain,  and  also  brief." 

14  Be  careful  to  distinguish  the  words  "  loose  "  and  "  lose" 

15  Of  what  profit  is  it  to  gain  wealth  and  lose  character? 

16  The  clerks  in  the  Patent  Bureau  are  kept  very  busy. 

17  On  opening  the  valise  it  was  found  to  be  empty. 

18  "  It  would  be  easy  to  attack  them." 

19  "  He  sat  down  with  the  twelve" 

20  "  Though  He  may  slay  me,  yet  will  I  trust  Him." 

21  It  did  not  occur  to  him  to  advance  this  argument. 

22  "  He  that  is  not  with  me  is  against  me." 

23  "  When  the  glad  soul  is  made  Heaven's  welcome  guest." 

24  Confusion   sometimes   arises   in   our   language   from   the   triple 

meaning  of  "  that,"  which  with  us  is  a  demonstrative  pronoun, 
a  relative  pronoun,  and  a  conjunction. 

25  "  May  all  perish  thus,  that  seek  to  subjugate  or  lessen  us." 

13 


FOURTH  LESSON-Short  Words  Commonly  Misspelled 

advice 

ad-vis' 

Something  said  or  written  as  by  way  of 

counsel. 

advise 

ad-viz' 

To  offer  an  opinion  to,  by  way  of  counsel. 

oblige 

6-blij' 

To  render  indebted. 

movable 

mov'-a-b'l 

Not  fixed  or  stationary. 

steadily 

st$d'-I-ly 

With  steadiness. 

separate 

s6p'-a-rat 

To  disunite;    to  divide;    to  part. 

fiery 

fT-er-y 

Of  or  pertaining  to  fire;    spirited. 

purchase 

pur'-chas 

To  obtain  or  secure  as  one's  own  by  paying 

or  promising  to  pay  a  price. 

burial 

ber'-rl-al 

The  act  or  process  of  burying,  especially  a 

dead  body. 

seize 

sez 

To  clutch  ;   to  take  possession  of  by  author- 

ity ;    to  affect  suddenly. 

shield 

sheld 

To  cover  from  danger;    defend;    a  broad 

piece  of  defensive  armor. 

nonsense 

n6n'-s£ns 

That  which  is  without  good  sense  ;  absurdity. 

expel 

Sks-pel' 

To  drive  out  or  off  by  force  or  by  authority. 

although 

al-tho' 

Admitting  or  granting  that;    notwithstand- 

ing. 

describe 

de-skrib' 

To  give  the  characteristics  of;    delineate; 

outline. 

valuable 

val'-u-a-b'l 

Having  financial  worth  ;   costly. 

usually 

u'-zhu-al-ly 

Such  as  commonly  occurs  in  the  ordinary 

course  of  events;    common. 

holiday 

h6l'-I-da 

A  day  of  rest  set  apart  for  celebration. 

presence 

prSs'-6ns 

Opposed  to  absence;   bearing. 

descend 

de-sSnd' 

To  go  down  ;  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  point. 

apparel 

ap-pSr'-el 

To  put  clothes  on;    the  things  collectively 

with  which  one  is  clad. 

dutiful 

du'-tl-ful 

Performing  the  duties  or  obligations  of  one's 

position  ;    obedient. 

biscuit 

bls'-klt 

A  soft  cake,  unsweetened,  often  eaten  hot. 

pursuit 

pur-sut' 

An  earnest  endeavor  to  attain  ;   business  or 

occupation. 

doubtful 

doubt'-ful 

Uncertain  ;    undecided  ;    contingent. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    serious,  prepare,  prevail,  forcible 

14 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Home  Tooke's  advice  to  the  Friends  of  the  People  was  profound : 

*  If  you  wish  to  be  powerful,  pretend  to  be  powerful.'  " 

2  "  David  Hume,  from  his  deathbed,  advised  his  country  to  give  up 

the  war   with   America,   in   which   defeat   would  destroy   its 
credit,  and  success,  its  liberty." 

3  "  What  is  against  right  reason,  no  faith  can  oblige  us  to  believe." 

4  "  Some  of  the  church  festivals  are  movable" 

5  By  earnest  endeavor  he  moved  steadily  toward  the  front. 

6  "  If  on  a  fair  trial  it  be  found  that  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  can 

not  exist  happily  together,  as  parts  of  one  empire,  in  God's 
name  let  them  separate." 

7  He  spoke  at  length  of  "  the  most  fiery  and  restless  race,  the 

Scotch-Irish." 

8  "  Nobody   doubts   now,   nor   has   doubted   since   the   abolition   of 

slavery,  that  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  was  an  act  of  sound 
statesmanship. ' ' 

9  "Among  the  many  curious  habits  of  the  pagan  Irish,  one  of  the 

most  significant  was  that  of  perpendicular  'burial" 

10  "But  pleasures  are  like  poppies  spread — 

You  seize  the  flower,  its  bloom  is  shed." 
"  A  nation  at  war  has  a  right  to  seize  its  enemy's  property." 

11  "  Thou  who  trodst  the  billowy  sea, 

Shield  us  in  our  jeopardy." 

12  "  The  theory  was  regarded  as  pure  nonsense.11 

13  "  All  classes  of  Protestants  combined  to  expel  him   (James  II) 

from  his  throne." 

14  "  He  may  not  spare,  although  he  were  his  brother." 

15  "  Nothing  is  more  difficult  than  to  describe  a  really  beautiful  coun- 

tenance." 

16  Diamonds  are  valuable,  but  not  priceless. 

17  This  is  not  usually  done  in  this  way. 

18  "  Envy  has  no  holidays,  because  it  always  finds  matter  to  work 

on." 

19  "  The  two  armies  were  now  fairly  in  the  presence  of  each  other." 

20  "  Silent  and  soft  and  slow  descends  the  snow." 

21  "  The  apparel  oft  proclaims  the  man." 

22  "  O,  make  us  day  by  day  like  Him  to  grow :    more  beautiful  and 

good,  more  dutiful  and  meek." 

23  People  of  the  South  are  very  fond  of  hot  biscuit. 

24  Business  pursuits  are  more  popular  than  ever  before. 

25  "  When  the  sun  of  that  day  went  down,  the  event  of  independence 

was  no  longer  doubtful." 

15 


FIFTH   LESSON  —  Review  and  General  Exercise 

gallon 

anticipate 

financial 

tenacious 

bargain 

officiate 

pursuance 

ineligible 

which 

infallible 

tension 

syntax 

busy 

jealousy 

assessment 

impropriety 

almost 

adulterate 

lessons 

obituary 

again 

embezzle 

ceremony 

literature 

teach 

lenient 

neglected 

aristocracy 

such 

indefinite 

millinery 

delicacy 

muscle 

latter 

temporary 

doing 

height 

victuals 

liquidate 

executive 

neither 

ancient 

accommodate 

dangerous 

model 

provided 

impatience 

sympathetic 

shriek 

requirements 

indispensable 

arguments 

until 

intimate 

actually 

shipped 

chief 

option 

descriptive 

satchel 

busily 

pamphlet 

creditor 

tuition 

coming 

explanatory 

respectively 

thorough 

pierce 

transferring 

delusion 

valid 

already 

sustained 

average 

flexible 

bureau 

relationship 

identical 

quotation 

oblige 

feature 

insight 

security 

movable 

triumphantly 

invigoration 

asylum 

separate 

incumbrance 

daytime 

condemn 

burial 

strengthened 

auxiliary 

incorporate 

expel 

claimant 

abolish 

acceptance 

16 


CHAPTER   II 


Q FELLING  is  largely  a  matter  of  association,  and 
^  the  eye,  the  ear,  and  the  motor  must  be  appealed 
to  so  as  to  produce  the  strongest  combination  of 
sensory  elements.  Care,  then,  in  the  right  kind  of 
oral  preparation,  with  considerable  oral  test  before 
writing,  training  pupils  to  build  up  words  by  using 
the  small  unities^into  which  words  can  be  divided, 
is  a  method  of  teaching  spelling  productive  of  the 
best  all-round  results. — The  Teacher. 


17 


SIXTH   LESSON—  Short  Words  Commonly  Misspelled 

freight 

frat 

Goods  transported  by  public  carriers  ;   the 

charges  for  goods  transported. 

quarrel 

quar'-rSl 

To  break  friendship  or  harmony;    to  find 

fault;    disagree;    unfriendly  dispute. 

together 

to-geth'-er 

Mutually;    at  the  same  moment  or  time. 

faithful 

fath'-ful 

True  or  trustworthy  in  the  performance  of 

duty,  especially  obligations  and  promises. 

eleven 

£-l£v"n 

The  sum  of  ten  and  one. 

through 

thru 

All  the  way;    by  means  of. 

thorough 

thur'-o 

Going  through  and  through;    marked  by 

careful  attention  throughout  ;   searching. 

luckily 

luk'-I-ly 

In  a  lucky  manner  ;    favored  by  good  for- 

tune. 

aloud 

a-loud' 

Audible;    opposed  to  silence. 

believe 

be-leV 

To  accept  as  true  on  the  testimony  or  au- 

thority of  others;    to  be  convinced  of. 

useful 

us'-ful 

Serving  use  or  purpose,  especially  a  valu- 

able one;    beneficial. 

figure 

flg'-ur 

Shape  ;   outline  ;   appearance  ;   to  compute. 

nineteen 

nm'-ten 

The  sum  of  nine  and  ten. 

beginning 

be-gln'-nlng 

The  starting-point  in  space,  time,  action  or 

being;    the  source. 

belief 

b*-lef 

Probable  knowledge;    rational  conviction. 

salable 

sal'-a-b'l 

That  which  may  be  sold;    marketable. 

perhaps 

per-haps' 

It  may  be  ;    possibly  ;    uncertainty. 

because 

be-kaz' 

For  the  reason  that  ;   since  ;   by  reason  of. 

welfare 

wel'-far 

Condition  of  faring  well  ;    prosperity. 

circuit 

ser'-klt 

Distance   around;     compass;     the    entire 

course  traversed  by  an  electric  current. 

grieve 

grev 

To  cause  to  experience  grief  ;    inflict  sor- 

row upon  ;    to  suffer  mentally. 

receive 

r&-sev' 

To  obtain  as  a  result  of  delivery  ;    to  ad- 

mit to  entrance;    to  perceive  mentally. 

fulfill 

fyl-fll' 

To  make  good  the  provisions  or  purport 

of  ;    accomplish  ;    complete  ;    perform. 

excel 

ek-seT 

To    go    beyond  —  properly,    in    something 

good  or  praiseworthy  ;   outdo. 

usage 

uz'-aj 

The  manner  of  use  or  treating  a  person  or 

thing  ;    custom. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    equal,  murmur,  heir,  altar 

IS 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  The  master  cannot  detain  the  goods  on  board  the  ship  until  the 

freight  be  paid." 

2  "  We  will  not  quarrel  with  ambition  when  it  is  wise  enough  to 

devote  itself  to  the  happiness  of  mankind." 

3  "  They  were  linked  together  by  a  chain  which  adverse  hazard  and 

mischance  has  forged." 

4  "  But  no  one  has  yet  pointed  out  an  instance  wherein  he  has  failed 

to  give  a  faithful  representation  of  the  characters." 

5  "  Yale  had  the  ball,  and  she  drove  the  opposing  eleven,  despite  its 

stubborn  resistance,  steadily  down  the  field." 

6  "  Peace  to  the  just  man's  memory ;    let  it  grow  greater  with  the 

years  and  blossom  through  the  flight  of  ages." 

7  "  Given  good  officers,  there  are  no  men  in  the  world  who  admit  of 

more  thorough  discipline  than  native-born  Americans." 

8  Luckily,  the  financial  condition  of  the  bank  was  such  as  to  render 

a  run  on  it  impossible  of  disastrous  results. 

9  "  Bondage  is  hoarse  and  may  not  speak  aloud." 

10  "  Nothing  is  too  absurd  to  be  believed  by  a  populace  which  has  not 

breakfasted  and  which  does  not  know  how  it  is  to  dine." 

11  "  Several  of  us  were  corrected  by  our  fathers ;    and,  though   I 

pleaded  the  usefulness  of  the  work,  mine  convinced  me  that 
nothing  was  useful  which  was  not  honest." 

12  "  Flowers  have  all  exquisite  figures." 

13  Nineteen  is  a  cardinal  number. 

14  "  The  American  Declaration  of  Independence  was  the  beginning  of 

new  ages." 

15  Nothing  could  upset  his  belief  in  the  ultimate  success  of  the  en- 

terprise. 

16  "  Allowances  must  be  made  for  the  necessity  of  a  certain  amount 

of  abuse  and  ridicule  in  a  review,  in  order  to  make  it  salable." 

17  "  The  future's  great  veil  our  breath  fitfully  flaps, 

And  behind  it  broods  ever  the  mighty  perhaps." 

18  "  My  strength  is  as  the  strength  of  ten  because  my  heart  is  pure." 

19  The  welfare  of  the  nation  depends  on  the  enterprise  and  frugality 

of  the  people. 

20  He  made  a  vain  effort  to  close  the  circuit. 

21  "  Do  not  grieve  at  this." 

22  The  message  was  received  too  late. 

23  He  did  not  fulfill  his  promise,  and  the  prophecy  was  fulfilled. 

24  "  In  narrative,  clearness,  grace  and  spirit,  at  least,  it  is  not  excelled, 

scarcely  equaled,  by  any  other  completed  historical  work." 

25  "  He  complained  that  he  had  met  with  usage  the  like  of  which  had 

been  offered  to  none  since  the  establishment  of  Christianity  in 
Sweden." 

19 


SEVENTH  LESSON-Words  havinglong  I  in  last  syllable 

authorize 

6-thor-Iz 

To  empower;   to  give  authority. 

aspire 

as-pir' 

To  seek  to  attain  something  high  or  great. 

arrive 

ar-riv' 

To  reach  by  progressive  motion. 

conspire 
confide 

kon-spir' 
kan-fid' 

To  plot  together;    to  concur  to  one  end;    to 
agree. 
To  repose  confidence  in;    to  trust. 

condign 

k6n-din' 

Suitable  to  the  fault  or  crime. 

define 
desire 
despise 

de-fin' 
de-zlr' 
de-spiz' 

To  fix  the  bounds  of  ;  to  describe  accurately  ; 
to  explain. 
To  wish  for  earnestly;    an  eager  wish  to  ob- 
tain or  enioy. 
To  look  down  upon  with  disfavor  or  contempt. 

decide 

de-sid' 

To  give  decision;    to  come  to  a  conclusion. 

expire 

eks-pir' 

To  exhale;   to  bring  to  a  close. 

invite 

m-vit' 

To  ask  ;   to  request  the  company  of. 

inquire 

In-kwir' 

To  ask  about. 

inspire 

In-spir' 

To  inhale  ;   to  infuse  into. 

incline 

In-klln' 

To  lean  ;   to  slant  ;   to  influence. 

incite 

In-sit' 

To  move  to  action  ;   to  stir  up. 

perspire 

per-spir' 

To  excrete  matter  through  pores. 

provide 

pro-vid' 

To  supply  ;   to  furnish. 

resign 

re-zm' 

To  surrender  ;    to  give  up  ;   to  relinquish. 

retire 

re-tir' 

To  withdraw  ;   to  retreat. 

revive 

surprise 
subside 

re-viv' 

sur-priz' 

sub-sid' 

To  bring  again  to  life;    to  bring  into  action 
after  suspension. 
To  take  unawares. 

To  become  tranquil  ;   to  become  lower. 

survive 

sur-viv' 

To  remain  alive;   to  outlive. 

subscribe 

sub-skrib' 

To  write  underneath  ;   to  give  consent  to. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    coincide,  baptize,  eulogize,  paralyze 

20 


THE    WORDS   APPLIED 


1  We  have  written  Mr.  Hamilton  to  authorize  this  expenditure. 

2  "  The  conqueror  of  Gaul  aspired  to  the  glory  of  adding  Britain  to 

the  dominions  of  Rome." 

3  "  It  is  only  in  this  way  that  we  can  hope  to  arrive  at  the  truth." 

4  "  The  press,  the  pulpit,  and  the  state  conspire  to  censure  and  ex- 

pose our  age." 

5  "Judge  before  friendship,  then  confide  till  death." 

6  "  Our  Savior  has  brought  out  very  distinctly  the  fact  that  the 

misapplication  of  small  abilities  will  meet  with  condign  pun- 
ishment." 

7  "  Politeness  has  been  well  defined  as  benevolence  in  small  things." 

8  "  Every  man  desires  to  live  long,  but  no  man  would  be  old." 
"  His  desire  for  wealth  was  insatiable." 

9  "  Men  despise  what  they  may  be  masters  of,  and  affect  what  they 

are  not  fit  for." 

10  "Who  shall  decide  when  doctors  disagree?" 

11  "  His  lease  on  the  property  will  expire  to-morrow." 

12  "  The  cowardice  that  yields  to  threats  invites  them." 

13  We  shall  inquire  into  the  matter  and  report  the  result  as  soon 

as  possible. 

14  Inspire  means  also   to   fill   with  what  animates,   enlivens  and 

exalts;    as,  to  inspire  a  child  with  sentiments  of  virtue. 

15  "  Incline  our  hearts  to  keep  this  law." 

16  "  He  was  incited  to  greater  efforts  by  the  rewards  held  out  to 

him." 

17  "  Firs  perspire  a  fine  balsam  of  turpentine." 

18  "  He  is  a  fool  that  provides  not  for  that  which  will  most  certainly 

come." 

19  "  It  is  said  that  the  two  happiest  days  of  a  man's  life  are  the  day 

when  he  accepts  a  high  office  and  the  day  when  he  resigns  it." 

20  "  The  one  class  which  it  seems  to  me  desirable  to  retire  perma- 

nently and  for  all  time,  is  the  professional  politician." 

21  "  It  was  observed,  as  far  back  as  the  beginning  of  the  present 

century,  that  certain  metals  could  be  revived  from  solutions  of 
their  salts  on  the  passage  of  a  current  of  electricity." 

22  "  Nothing  excites  surprise  except  what  is  contrary  to  a  prior  ex- 

pectation, and  breaks  in  upon  ideal  order  already  established 
in  the  mind." 

23  "  In  case  of  danger,  pride  and  envy  naturally  subside" 

24  "  Domestic  happiness,  thou  only  bliss 

Of  Paradise  that  has  survived  the  fall !  " 

25  The   students   who   made   the   best   progress  subscribed  to   the 

magazine. 

21 


EIGHTH     LESSON  £NT~  H£vi,ng  the  P°wer  of>  <>r  continuing  to. 
ANCE  —  btate  or  condition  of. 

relevant 
observant 

r£l'-4-vant 
6b-zerv'-ant 

Properly    applying  to   the    case   in 
hand. 
Taking  notice;    attentive. 

defiance 
discordant 

de-fi'-ans 
dls-k6rd'-ant 

The  act  of  defying;    provoking  to 
combat. 
Not  harmonious. 

reluctant 

re-luk'-tant 

Unwilling  or  disinclined. 

accordance 

ak-k6rd'-ans 

Harmony  ;    conformity. 

suppliant 

sup'-pll-ant 

A  humble  petitioner. 

tolerance 

tol'-er-ans 

The  power  or  capacity  of  endurance. 

elegant 

el'-e-gant 

Very  choice  ;   pleasing  to  good  taste. 

resonance 

rez'-o-nans 

The  act  of  resounding. 

benignant 

be-nlg'-nant 

Kind  ;    gracious. 

consonant 
abundance 

kon'-so-nant 
a-bun'-dans 

An     alphabetical     sign;      being    in 
agreement  with;    consistent. 
An  overflowing  fullness. 

expectant 
significance 

eks-p6kt'-ant     • 
slg-nlf'-I-kans 

Waiting  in   expectation   or  looking 
for. 
Meaning  ;    import  ;    consequence. 

participant 
predominant 

par-tls'-I-pant 
pre-dom'-I-nant 

A  partaker. 
Having  the  ascendency  over  others. 

exorbitant 

6gz-6r'-bl-tant 

.Excessive  ;    extravagant. 

compliance 

kom-pli'-ans 

A  disposition  to  yield  to  others. 

resistance 

re-zlsf-ans 

Opposition. 

unpleasant 

un-pl6z'-ant 

Displeasing  ;    offensive. 

indignant 
pursuant 
distance 
repugnant 

In-dlg'-nant 
ptir-su'-ant 
dls'-tans 
re-pug'-nant 

Affected   with   indignation;    wrath- 
ful;   irate. 
Acting  in  consequence  or  in  prosecu- 
tion of  anything. 
The  space  between  two  objects;   re- 
moteness of  place. 
Distasteful  in  a  high  degree. 

Words  to  be  applied  :   resonant,  intolerant,  elegance,  abundant 

THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  It  is  only  in  such  matters  as  are  relevant  to  the  issue  that  the 

witness  can  be  contradicted." 

2  "  He  was  uncommonly  observant,  and  seemed  to  grasp  every  situ- 

ation at  a  glance." 

3  "  They  returned  the  fire  with  a  defiance  and  a  promptness  that 

augured  ill  for  our  chances  of  success." 

4  "  In  Malta  all  animated  nature  was  discordant." 

5  "  It  is  not  with  them  as  it  was  in  the  days  of  Milton,  whose  im- 

mortal '  Paradise  Lost '  drew  five  sterling  pounds,  with  a  con- 
ditional offer  of  five  from  the  reluctant  bookseller." 

6  The  contract  was  in  strict  accordance  with  the  law. 

7  Dryden  says :     "  Hear  thy  suppliant's  prayer." 

8  "  The  only  true  spirit  of  tolerance  consists  in  our  conscientious 

toleration  of  each  other's  intolerances." 

9  "  We  did  not  expect  to  find  so  much  taste  for  elegant  literature  in 

an  old  village  deacon." 

10  "  The  loud  music  of  the  Urbach  was  rendered  mellow  and  volumi- 

nous by  the  resonance  of  the  chasm  into  which  the  torrent 
leapt." 

11  "  I  feel  that  benignant  and  wondrous  presence,  as  one  might  feel 

the  passing  of  an  angel  in  the  dark." 

12  "  What  she  (New  England)  has  done  has  been  consonant  with  her 

view  of  the  general  good." 

13  "  There  the  richest  was  poor,  and  the  poorest  lived  in  abundance" 

14  "  With  longing  eyes  he  sat,  expectant  of  her." 

15  "  Her  first  venture  of  significance  was  in  the  field  of  translation." 

16  "  It  was  a  rare  privilege  to  have  been  a  participant  in  the  events 

of  the  Civil  War." 

17  "  Hadrian's  character  was  a  strange  mixture  of  good  and  ill  quali- 

ties, but  vanity  was  a  predominant  feature." 

18  "  The  exorbitant  power  of  the  baron  had  been  greatly  reduced." 

19  In  compliance  with  your  request,  we  have  to-day  mailed  you  the 

papers. 

20  "  If  there  be  not  a  constant  spirit  of  jealousy  and  of  resistance  on 

the  part  of  the  people,  every  monarchy  will  gradually  harden 
into  a  despotism." 

21  His  unpleasant  manners  caused  him  to  be  heartily  disliked. 

22  One  becomes  indignant  at  unworthy  or  unjust  treatment,  or  at 

a  degrading  accusation. 

23  "  Pursuant  to  the  king's  orders,  I  passed  the  night  before  last  *  * 

waiting  upon  the  friends  of  the  king." 

24  "  'Tis  distance  lends  enchantment  to  the  view." 

25  "  How  many  young  people,  by  their  repugnant  manners,  lose  op- 

portunities for  becoming  successful !  " 

23 


_     .__  _    .   _,  0  0  ^^x  T       ENT  —  An  adjective  suffix  signifying  action  or  being. 
l\[l\  1  i~l    LjLLo^vJlN  ENCE  —  A  noun  suffix  signifying  action,  state,  or  quality; 
also  that  which  relates  to  the  action  or  state. 

dependent 

de-pend'-ent 

Not  self-sustaining  ;    subordinate  ; 

one  who  depends. 

indulgent 

In-dul'-jent 

Tolerant  ;  not  opposing  or  restrain- 

ing;   not  severe. 

different 

dlf'-fer-ent 

Not   the   same;     distinct;     totally 

unlike  ;    dissimilar. 

violent 

vi'-6-lent 

Forcible  ;    fierce  ;    furious. 

precedent  (adj.) 

pre-ced'ent 

Preceding;    going  before. 

confident 

kon'-fl-dent 

Assured  beyond  doubt. 

diligent 

dll'-I-jent 

Careful  ;    industrious. 

correspondent 

k6r-re-spond'- 

Conformable  ;    one  with  whom  in- 

ent 

tercourse  is  carried  on  by  letters. 

superintend- 

su-per-m- 

Overseeing  ;    managing. 

ence 

tend'-ens 

inexpedient 

In-Sks-pe'- 

Unsuitable  to  the  time  and  place. 

dl-ent 

emergent 

e-mer'-jent 

Suddenly    appearing;     coming    to 

light. 

excellent 

ek'-sel-lent 

Superior;    of  great  worth. 

beneficence 

be-nef'-I-sens 

The  practice  of  doing  good  ;   active 

goodness. 

credence 

kre'-dens 

Belief  ;   credit  ;   confidence. 

patience 

pa'-shens 

Uncomplaining  endurance   of   suf- 

fering or  wrongs. 

preference 

pref'-er-ens 

The    act    of    preferring;     choice; 

power  of  choosing. 

diffidence 

dlf'-fl-dens 

Lack    of    self-reliance;     modesty; 

bashfulness. 

evidence 

ev'-I-dens 

Proof  ;    testimony. 

negligence 

neg'-ll-jens 

Habitual  neglect. 

indolence 

In'-do-lens 

Habitual  idleness  ;  laziness. 

existence 

egz-Ist'-ens 

The   state  of    existing    or  being; 

continuance  in  being. 

permanence 

per'-man-ens 

Duration  ;    fixedness. 

affluence 

af'-flu-ens 

Abundance  ;    riches. 

experience 

eks-per-rl-ens 

Personal  and  direct  impressions  -as 

contrasted   with   descriptions   or 

fancies. 

excellence 

ek'-sel-lens 

Superiority  ;    perfection. 

Words  to  be  applied  :   apparent,  concurrence,  impertinent,  resplendent 

24 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  England,  long  dependent  and  degraded,  was  again  a  power  of 

the  first  rank." 

2  "  The  feeble  old  are  indulgent  of  their  ease." 

3  "  Men  are  as  different  from  each  other  as  the  regions  in  which 

they  are  born  are  different.'1  Different  is  properly  followed  by 
"  from." 

4  "  Some  violent  hands  were  laid  on  Humphrey's  life." 

5  When  the  word  "  precedent "  is  used  as  a  noun,  the  accent  falls 

on  the  first  syllable,  and  it  then  means  an  authoritative  ex- 
ample. "A  precedent  (noun)  is  something  which  comes  down 
to  us  from  the  past  with  the  sanction  of  usage." 

6  "  I  am  confident  that  very  much  can  be  done  to  relieve  this  situ- 

ation." 

7  "  Seest  thou  a  man  diligent  in  his  business?  he  shall  stand  before 

kings." 

8  A  correspondent  who  can  infuse  a  cordial  personality  into  his 

letters  is  a  valuable  man  in  any  business. 

9  This  was  an  admirable  indication  of  the  divine  superintendence 

and  management. 

10  "  What  is  expedient  at  one  time  may  be  inexpedient  at  another." 

11  "  The  mountains  huge  appear  emergent,  and  their  broad  backs 

upheave  into  the  clouds." 

12  The  coloring  in  the  picture  was  pronounced  excellent  by  the 

critics. 

13  "  He  was  spoken  of  as  one  whose  beneficence  seemed  to  be  inex- 

haustible." 

14  Such  an  assertion  might  easily  find  credence. 

15  Patience  implies  the  quietness  of  self-possession  of  one's  own 

spirit  under  sufferings,  provocations,  etc. 

16  "The  knowledge  of  things  alone  gives  a  value  to  our  reasonings, 

and  preference  of  one  man's  knowledge  over  another." 

17  "  In  business,  diffidence  is  a  distinct  disadvantage." 

18  We  are  apt  to  believe  the  evidence  of  our  senses. 

19  "As  now  generally  used,  negligence  is  the  habit,  and  neglect  the 

act  of  leaving  things  undone  or  unattended  to." 

20  "  His  life  was  spent  in  indolence  and  was  therefore  sad." 

21  "  The  existence,  therefore,  of  a  phenomenon  is  but  another  word 

for  its  being  preserved." 

22  «  The  permanence  of  these  institutions  is  assured." 

23  Goldsmith  speaks  of  "  an  old  age  of  elegant  affluence  and  ease." 

24  "  I  have  but  one  lamp  by  which  my  feet  are  guided,  and  that  is 

the  lamp  of  experience." 

25  "  The  excellence  of  the  performance  was  acknowledged  by  all." 


TENTH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

dependent 

premier 

proficient 

predominant 

together 

occupy 

allegiance 

memorable 

eleven 

restitution 

bivouac 

rheumatism 

thorough 

impunity 

erysipelas 

discrepancy 

believe 

vanity 

vocalist 

countermand 

useful 

clique 

mosquito 

predicament 

precedent 

rescue 

author 

construction 

superintend 

recently 

frolic 

competitor 

height 

compose 

stringent 

responsible 

patience 

incisive 

conquer 

disappoint 

wrought 

utility 

discipline 

conscientious 

existence 

attribute 

oratory 

attempt 

advise 

cancel 

forfeit 

blizzard 

conspire 

deficient 

parasol 

governor 

define 

village 

legitimate 

dignified 

inquire 

electricity 

cipher 

schedule 

provide 

fallible 

replied 

securities 

surprise 

inquire 

describing 

apology 

relevant 

vouch 

delivered 

collateral 

defiance 

remodel 

doubtless 

spacing 

tolerance 

poultry 

intimidate 

satisfactorily 

expectant 

beverage 

executrix 

neighbor 

exorbitant 

chronicle 

imitators 

usually 

resistance 

comrade 

shipment 

recollection 

nonsense 

festival 

probable 

externally 

26 


CHAPTER    III 


"TT  THEN  we  have  practiced  good  actions  awhile, 
**  they  become  easy;  when  they  are  easy,  we 
take  pleasure  in  them;  when  they  please  us,  we  do 
them  frequently;  and  then,  by  frequency  of  act,  they 
grow  into  a  habit. — Tillotson. 


27 


E 

LEVEN 

TH     LESSON—  I  before  E 

believe 

be-lev' 

To  accept  as  true  ;    to  place  confidence  in. 

chieftain 

chef-tin 

A  chief. 

retrieve 

re-trev' 

To  recover;   to  regain. 

apiece 

a-pes' 

By  the  single  one  ;   to  each. 

reprieve 

re  preV 

A  temporary  suspension  of  the  execution  of  a 

sentence  ;    respite. 

relief 

re-lef 

The    removal    of    anything    burdensome,    by 

which  some  ease  is  obtained. 

aggrieve 

ag-grev' 

To  give  pain  or  sorrow. 

relieve 

re-lev' 

To  free  from  any  burden,  trial,  etc. 

achieve 

a-chev' 

To  succeed  in  gaining. 

thievish 

thev'-ish 

Given  to  stealing. 

pierce 

pers 

To  penetrate  with  a  pointed  instrument. 

fiend 

fend 

One  who  is  diabolically  wicked  or  cruel. 

shriek 

shrek 

To  utter  a  loud,  sharp,  shrill  sound  or  cry. 

E  before  I 

receipt 

re-set' 

An  acknowledgment  of  money  paid;    recep- 

tion. 

receive 

re-sev' 

To  accept;    to  take  in. 

either 

e'-ther 

One  of  two. 

perceive 

per-sev' 

To  obtain  knowledge  of  through  the  senses. 

seizing 

sez'-Ing 

The  act  of  taking  or  grasping  suddenly. 

neither 

ne'-ther 

Not  the  one  or  the  other. 

ceiling 

seT-Ing 

The  top  inside  lining  of  a  room. 

conceive 

k<3n-sev' 

To  form  in  the  mind  ;   to  originate. 

deceive 

de-sev' 

To  cause  to  believe  what  is  false. 

conceit 

kon-set' 

A  fanciful,  odd  or  extravagant  notion. 

deceit 

de-set' 

An  attempt  or  disposition  to  deceive  or  lead 

into  error. 

seizure 

sez'-zhur 

The  act  of  seizing. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :    'brief,  sieve,  yield,  receivable 

28 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  The  great  triad  of  moral  truths  in  which  the   morally-minded 

man  believes — Freedom,  Immortality,  and  God." 

2  "  Chieftain,  tell  us  a  story." 

3  "  Cortes,  anxious  to  retrieve  the  disgrace  of  the  morning,  ordered 

an  assault  on  the  larger,  and,  as  it  seems,  more  practicable 
eminence." 

4  "  And  there  were  set  there  six  water-bottles  of  stone      *      *      * 

containing  two  or  three  firkins  apiece." 

5  After  a  brief  reprieve,  he  was  again  sent  to  prison. 

6  In  the  famous  railway  strike  the  operators  sought  and  obtained 

relief  by  the  injunctional  restraint  of  the  strikers. 

7  "  There  was  scarcely  a  family  in  the  realm  that  did  not  feel  itself 

aggrieved  by  the  oppression  and  extortion  which  this  abuse 
•     naturally  caused." 

8  "  '  The  greatest  object  in  the  universe,'  says  a  certain  philosopher, 

'  is  a  good  man  struggling  with  adversity ; '  yet  there  is  still  a 
greater,  which  is  the  good  man  that  comes  to  relieve  it." 

9  "  The  man  who  seeks  one  thing  in  life,  and  but  one,  may  hope  to 

achieve  it  before  life  is  done." 

10  "  The  thievish  years  have  sucked  his  sap  away, 

Pillaging  his  strength  and  filching  his  will  and  wit." 

11  A  shot  from  the  Massachusetts  pierced  the  torpedo  tube. 

12  "  No  man  becomes  at  once,  and  of  a  sudden,  either  a  fiend  or  a 

saint." 

13  We  could  distinctly  hear  the  shriek  of  the  approaching  locomotive. 

14  Receipts  may  be  either  mere  acknowledgments  of  payment  or 

delivery,  or  they  may  also  contain  a  contract  to  do  something 
in  relation  to  the  thing  delivered. 

15  "  Columbus  had  an  audience  of  the  queen,  and  the  benignity  with 

which  she  received  him  atoned  for  all  past  neglect." 

16  "  Real  friendship  never  hesitates  either  to  give  or  accept  a  favor." 

17  I  perceived  his  error  in  thought. 

18  The  seizing  of  the  goods  caused  considerable  excitement. 

19  "  It  is  difficult  to  negotiate  where  neither  will  trust." 

20  "  The  ceiling  is  arched  and  lofty." 

21  "  Pilgrim's  Progress    *    *    *    is  conceived  in  the  large,  wide  spirit 

of  humanity  itself." 

22  The  beggar  could  not  deceive  me  with  his  story  of  poverty. 

23  "  The  innocent  conceits  that,  like  a  needless  eyeglass  or  black 

patch,  give  those  who  wear  them  harmless  happiness." 

24  "  Enlighten  my  understanding  with  knowledge  of  right,  and  gov- 

ern my  will  by  thy  laws,  that  no  deceit  may  mislead  me  nor 
temptation  corrupt  me." 

25  The  seizure  of  the  goods  by  the  sheriff  was  declared  unlawful. 

29 


TWELFTH  LESSON-Words  in  which  S  has  thesoundof  Z 

suppose 
franchise 
advertise 
disguise 

sup-poz' 
fran'-chiz 
ad'-ver-tiz 
dls-giz' 

To  believe  ;  to  imagine  or  admit  to  exist 
for  the  sake  of  argument  or  illustration. 
A  constitutional  or  statutory  right  or 
privilege. 
To    give    public    notice    of,    especially 
printed  notice. 
To  change  the  appearance  of. 

possession 
advise 

poz-zesh'-im 
ad-viz' 

The  act  or  state  of  possessing  or  hold- 
ing one's  own. 
To  give  advice  to. 

criticise 
cosmetic 
reserve 
chastise 

krlt'-I-siz 
koz-met'-Ik 
re-zerv' 
chas-tiz' 

To  pass  literary  or  artistic  judgment 
upon;    to  find  fault  with. 
Any   external    application   intended   to 
beautify  the  complexion. 
To  keep   back;    to   keep   in  store  for 
future  or  special  use. 
To  punish. 

reprisal 

re-priz'-al 

Any  act  of  retaliation. 

supervise 

su-per-viz' 

To  superintend. 

present 

pre-zent' 

To  set  forth  ;    to  introduce  formally. 

compromise 
comprise 

kom'-pro-mlz 
kSm-priz' 

A  settlement  by  mutual  consent  reached 
by  concessions  on  both  sides. 
To  include;    to  contain. 

disease 

dlz-ez' 

Malady  ;    affection  ;    illness  ;    sickness. 

collision 
revise 

kol-llzh'-un 
re-  viz' 

A   striking   together,    as   of   two   hard 
bodies. 
To  look  at  again  for  detection  of  errors. 

enterprise 

en'-ter-priz 

Something  attempted  to  be  performed. 

applause 

ap-plaz' 

Commendation  ;    approval. 

decision 
surmise 

de-slzh'-un 
sur-miz' 

An  account  or  report  of  a  conclusion  ; 
prompt  and   fixed  determination. 
To  infer  on  slight  grounds. 

preside 
devise 

pre-zid' 
de-viz' 

To  direct,  control  and  regulate  as  first 
officer. 
To  contrive;    to  formulate  by  thought. 

resemble 

re-zem'-b'l 

To  be  like  or  similar  to. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :  allusion,  reservoir,  improvise,  despise 

30 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Virtue  is  the  fruit  of  exertion ;   it  supposes  conquest  of  tempta- 

tion." 

2  The  General  Assembly  would  listen  to  no  proposition  except  for 

an  engagement  of  fidelity   as  a   condition  of  exercising  the 
elective  franchise. 

3  Macaulay  says  of  Walpole :    "  Patriots  had  begged  him  to  come 

up  to  the  price  of  their  puffed  and  advertised  integrity." 

4  "  The  policy  of  wise  rulers  has  always  been  to  disguise  strong  acts 

under  popular  forms." 

5  "  When  we  are  in  the  satisfaction  of  some  innocent  pleasure,  or 

pursuit  of  some  laudable  design,  we  are  in  possession  of  life." 

6  I  would  advise  that  action  be  taken  at  once. 

7  He  was  severely  criticised  for  supporting  the  measure. 

8  "  What  cosmetics  are  to  the  face,  wit  is  to  the  temper." 

9  "  There  was  a  certain  simplicity  that  made  every  one  her  friend, 

but  it  was  combined  with  a  subtle  attribute  of  reserve." 

10  "  My  father  has  chastised  you  with  whips,  but  I  will  chastise  you 

with  scorpions." 

11  Specifically,  reprisal  means  the  act  of  retorting  on  an  enemy  by 

inflicting  suffering  or  death  on  a  prisoner. 

12  The  noted  architect  has  been  engaged  to  supervise  the  construc- 

tion of  the  building. 

13  We  present  foreign  ministers  to  the  president ;    we  introduce,  or 

should  introduce,  our  friends  to  each  other. 

14  "  They  enslave  their  children's  children,   who   compromise  with 

sin." 

15  His  outfit  comprised  merely  a  driver,  mid-iron,  and  putter. 

16  "  He  who  is  fatally  diseased  in  one  organ  necessarily  pays  the  pen- 

alty with  his  life,  though  all  the  others  be  in  perfect  health." 

17  A  serious  collision  was  narrowly  averted. 

18  He  undertook  to  revise  the  book,  but  found  the  work  so  tedious 

that  he  gave  it  up. 

19  Americans  are  famous  the  world  over  for  their  enterprise. 

20  The  singing  of  Sembrich  was  greeted  with  tremendous  applause. 

21  The  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  this  case  met  with  the 

hearty  approval  of  the  people. 

22  "  The  greenish-colored  coat  which  he  had  on  forbade  me  to  sur- 

mise that  he  was  a  clergyman." 

23  The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  presides  over  the  Senate. 

24  They  will  attempt  to  devise  ways  and  means  for  increasing  the 

business. 

25  Glaciers  resemble  rivers  in  some  respects. 

31 


I-T-IT  TT  T-V  i-r-ir-«  i-«  x  TT'T  T   T   T~«  o  o  /^NX  T       Able  and  ible  —  that  which  mayor  can  be. 
1  HIRTELN  1  H   LLSSON  Final  e  of  the  root  word  is  dropped  except 

alter  c  and  g. 

impossible 

Im-pos'-sl-b'l 

Beyond  the  reach  of  power  to  ac- 

complish. 

blamable 

blam'-a-b'l 

Meriting  blame  or  censure. 

admissible 

ad-mls'-sl-b'l 

Such  as  may  be  admitted,  conceded 

or  allowed. 

flexible 

fleks'-I-b'l 

Capable  of  being  bent  without  break- 

ing ;    manageable. 

feasible 

fezM-b'l 

Capable  of  being  done;    practicable. 

inexhaustible 

In-eks-ast'-I-b'l 

Incapable  of  being  exhausted;    un- 

failing. 

infallible 

m-fal'-ll-b'l 

Exempt    from   fallacy   or    error  of 

judgment,  as  in  opinion. 

invisible 

In-vIz'-I-b'l 

Incapable  of  being  seen;    not  per- 

ceptible by  vision. 

legible 

lej'-I-b'l 

Capable  of  being  easily  read. 

plausible 

plaz'-I-b'l 

Seeming   likely   to   be  true,   though 

open  to  doubt. 

acceptable 

ak-sept'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  accepted;   gratify- 

ing ;    agreeable. 

contemptible 

kon-temt'-I-b'l 

Deserving  of  contempt  ;  despised. 

passable 

pas'-a-b'l 

Capable    of    being    passed;     fairly 

good  ;    moderate. 

obtainable 

6b-tan'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  obtained  or  pro- 

cured. 

movable 

mov'-a-b'l 

Capable   of   being   moved,   as   from 

one  place  to  another. 

teachable 

tech'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  and  willing  to  be 

taught  ;   apt  to  learn  ;   docile. 

receivable 

re-sev'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  received. 

ratable 

rat'-a-b'l 

Subject  to  assessment. 

manageable 

man'-aj-a-b'l 

Capable    of    being     managed,    con- 

trolled or  handled;    tractable. 

chargeable 

charj'-a-b'l 

Capable     of     being     or     rightfully 

charged. 

payable 

pa'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  discharged  by  pay- 

ment;  justly  due. 

changeable 

chanj'-a-b'l 

Capable   of   being   changed;     alter- 

able ;    changeful  ;    inconsistent. 

salable 

sal'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  sold;    marketable. 

curable 

kur'-a-b'l 

Susceptible  of  being  cured. 

excusable 

gks-kuz'-a-b'l 

Admitting    of    excuse    or    pardon; 

justifiable. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :   taxable,  reversible,  eatable,  audible 

32 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Few  things  are  impossible  to  diligence  and  skill." 

2  "  In  the  centuries  men  are  not  born  demi-gods  and  perfect  charac- 

ters, but  imperfect  ones,  and  mere  blamable  men." 

3  The  hypothesis  is  admissible. 

4  "  A  politician  should  be  as  flexible  in  little  things  as  he  is  inflexible 

in  great." 

5  "  It  was  not  feasible  to  gratify  so  many  ambitions." 

6  "  He  seemed  to  possess  an  inexhaustible  store  of  anecdotes." 

7  "  As  well  might  a  man  claim  to  be  immortal  in  his  body  as  infal- 

lible in  his  mind." 

8  "  The  problem  is  a  better  adjustment  of  the  burdens  of  state  and 

local  taxes,   so  as  to  make  those  pay  their  share  who  own 
invisible  or  easily  concealed  property." 

9  "  The  storm   of  contrary  wind  unfurls   the   banner,   and  makes 

thereby  its  inscription  the  more  legible." 

10  "  It  is  by  this  mixture  of  truth  that  the  error  is  made  plausible, 

and  insinuates  itself  into  the  minds  of  others." 

11  "  His  proposition  is  acceptable  to  us." 

12  "  Weak  at  home  and  disregarded  abroad  is  'our  present  condition, 

and  contemptible  enough  it  is." 

13  The  road  is  not  passable  for  wagons. 

14  Success  is  not  obtainable  without  effort. 

15  "  The  Chinese  writing,  from  its  enormous  diversity  of  characters, 

is  not  well  suited  to  printing  by  movable  types." 

16  "  If  one  has  a  teachable  disposition,  he  cannot  but  be  improved." 

17  Any  legal  tender  is  receivable  for  taxes. 

IS     The  share  at  which  property  is  taxed  is  its  ratable  value. 

19  Pie  possessed  a  most  unmanageable  temper. 

20  "  Waste  is  the  natural  consequence  of  war,  chargeable  on  those 

who  caused  the  war." 

21  "  Eighteen  per  cent  per  annum,  payable  monthly,  was  the  enticing 

rate  of  interest  offered." 

22  The  changeable  weather  in  Chicago  is  one  of  the  disagreeable 

features  of  life  there. 

23  It  was  conceded  that  the  goods  were  not  in  a  salable  condition. 
2^     His  disease  was  pronounced  curable. 

25     He  was  declared  to  be  excusable. 

33 


CVM  TDTTtrMTLJ  T    I7OO/^vTVT       Regular  verbs  of  one  syllable  ending  with 
F  wUlx  1  JUlifN  1  rl  LiliOOVJlN  a  smgle  consonant,  after  a  single  vowel, 
double  the  last  letter  on  adding  ing  or  ed. 

barred 

bard 

Obstructed. 

blotting 
stepped 

blot'-tmg 
stept 

Staining  as  with  ink  ;  to  dry  with  blotting- 
paper. 
Measured  off  by  steps  ;   walked. 

pinning 

pm'-nmg 

Fastening  by  means  of  pins. 

begging 

beg'-gmg 

Asking  alms;    entreating. 

fretted 
slammed 
rubbing 

fret'-ted 
slamd 
rub'-blng 

Irritated;     disturbed;     ornamented    with 
fretwork. 
Shut  with  force  and  a  loud  noise;    to  put 
in  place  with  force  and  loud  noise. 
Producing  friction. 

jarred 

jard 

Rudely  shaken;    shocked. 

dipped 

dipt 

Put  for  a  moment  into  any  liquid. 

planned 

pland 

Devised  ;    contrived. 

shamming 

sham'-mlng 

Feigning;    practicing  deception. 

digging 

dlg'-gmg 

Piercing  or  loosening  as  with  a  spade. 

ridding 

rld'-dlng 

Freeing  from. 

rubbed 

rubd 

Past  tense  of  rub. 

rotting 

r6t'-tmg 

Decaying. 

chopping 
stirred 

chop'-pmg 
sterd 

Cutting    or    striking    repeatedly    with    a 
sharp  instrument. 
Agitated. 

grinning 

grln'-nlng 

Smiling  sneeringly  or  snarlingly. 

swapped 

swopt 

Exchanged. 

trotting 
trapped 

tr6t'-ting 
trapt 

Proceeding  by  a  certain  gait  peculiar  to 
quadrupeds. 
Caught  in  a  trap  ;   deceived. 

wrapped 

rapt 

Enveloped  completely. 

robbing 
spurred 

r6b'-blng 
spurd 

Taking  by  force;   stealing. 
Urged  forward. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences:    Itlur,  mar,  hop,  strap 

34 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  He  found  the  entrance  barred  by  the  bulky  form  of  a  policeman. 

2  Here  are  some  of  the  synonyms  of  blotting:   staining,  effacing, 

smearing. 

3  He  stepped  back  just  in  time  to  prevent  an  awkward  collision. 

4  Pinning  papers  together  often  prevents  serious  loss  of  time. 

5  He  was  discovered  begging  in  the  street. 

6  "  The  cunning  hand  that  carved  this  fretted  door  is  stilled." 

7  The  door  was  slammed  viciously  as  he  approached  the  entrance. 

8  Fine  lenses  are  finished  by  rubbing  with  the  hand. 

9  The  vibrations  caused  by  the  explosion  jarred  the  valuable  vase, 

which  fell  from  its  pedestal. 

10  They  dipped  the  water  from  the  well  with  a  long-handled  dipper. 

11  The  robbery  had  evidently  been  long  planned. 

12  It  was  soon  discovered  that  he  was  shamming. 

13  The  digging  of  the  Panama  Canal  involved  an  enormous  amount 

of  labor,  and  the  expenditure  of  large  sums  of  money. 

14  She  thought  there  was  no  means  of  ridding  herself  of  the  habit. 

15  The  silver  was  rubbed  until  it  shone  like  new. 

16  The  fruit  lay  rotting  in  the  orchard. 

17  Chopping  trees  was  a  favorite  pastime  of  Gladstone's. 

18  The  action  of  his  party  stirred  him  to  the  bitterest  hatred. 

19  Grinning  is  not  a  sure  sign  of  amiability. 

20  Swapped  is  a  word  not  much  used  nowadays. 

21  Riding  a  trotting  horse  is  not  always  agreeable,  but  it  is  said  to 

be  excellent  exercise. 

22  The  man  was  trapped  into  making  the  confession. 

23  He  wrapped  his  actions  in  mystery. 

24  He  confessed  to  robbing  the  city  of  hundreds  of  dollars. 

25  Spurred  to  greater  effort  by  their  defeat  of  the  day  before,  the 

cavalry  made  a  magnificent  charge. 

35 


FIFTEENTH   LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

believe 

conducive 

phaeton 

inexhaustible 

retrieve 

exalted 

comment 

apprehension 

suppose 

hesitate 

barter 

authenticated 

impossible 

ingenious 

seldom 

admissible 

barred 

nuUify 

competent 

magnanimous 

blotting 

exertion 

consignee 

compromise 

franchise 

editor 

tablet 

unanimous 

relief 

penurious 

fortune 

irresistible 

fretted 

oppressive 

cunning 

bituminous 

flexible 

furniture 

rational 

co-operation 

advertise 

continue 

comprise 

objectionable 

thievish 

elapsed 

assailable 

insufficient 

planning 

vestibule 

modify 

continuous 

criticise 

diligence 

athlete 

subscription 

shriek 

pursuit 

deliberate 

accordingly 

trotting 

suburban 

pedal 

mimeograph 

receipt 

molasses 

defray 

unnecessary 

legible 

consistent 

rascality 

quinine 

stern 

worsted 

journal 

ponderous 

ceiling 

inquisitive 

criterion 

promptness 

applause 

originated 

flannel 

familiarize 

excusable 

sarcasm 

premium 

reciprocity 

almost 

ledger 

disease 

prairie 

purpose 

grateful 

plaintiff 

engaging 

sovereign 

inclusive 

holiday 

Sabbath 

36 


CHAPTER   IV 


TT  THAT   we    truly    and   earnestly    aspire    to    be, 
that  in  some  sense  we  are.    The  mere  aspira- 
tion,  by   changing   the   frame   of  the   mind,    for   a 
moment  realizes  itself. — Mrs.  Jameson. 


37 


SIXTEENTH  LESSON 

Words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  having  the  accent  on  the  last,  on  taking  a  suffix,  double 
the  last  consonant  when  it  follows  a  single  vowel.     Words  accented  on   the  other  syl- 

lables do  not  double  the  final  consonant.     Exceptions:  chagrined,  inferable,  transferable. 

referred 

re-ferd' 

Sent   elsewhere   for  information,   aid 

or  decision. 

expelling 

eks-pel'-llng 

Evicting;    forcing  out  of. 

acquitted 

ak-kwit'-ted 

Freed  from  an  accusation. 

remittance 

re-mlt'-tans 

The  sum  or  thing  remitted. 

compelling 

k6m-peT-lmg 

Causing  one  to  yield  or  submit. 

occurrence 

6k-kur/-r6ns 

A  happening. 

rebelled 

re^-beld' 

Resisted  by  force;   revolted  by  active 

resistance. 

permitting 

per-mlt'-ting 

Suffering  to  be  done;    granting  per- 

mission. 

concurrence 

k6n-kur'-r6ns 

Agreement  in  opinion. 

unfitted 

un-flt'-ted 

Not  suited  to;   unsuitable. 

abettor 

a-bet'-ter 

An  accomplice  ;   an  accessory. 

repelled           j  re-peld' 

Repulsed;    driven  back. 

admitting 

ad-mlt'-ting 

Receiving;   assenting  to. 

solicited 

s6-lls'-lt-£d 

Appealed  to  ;    requested  ;  supplicated  ; 

entreated  ;    importuned. 

regretting 

re-grSt'-tlng 

Feeling  sorrow  or  dissatisfaction  on 

account  of  the  happening  or  loss  of 

something. 

libeled 

li'-beld 

Exposed  to  public  ridicule,  by  writ- 

ings, picturings,  etc. 

modeled 

m6d'-eld 

Formed  after  a  model  or  pattern. 

unequaled 

un-e'-kwald 

Not  equaled;    unmatched. 

marveled 

mar'-vSld 

Wondered  ;    astonished  ;    surprised. 

leveling 

leV-gl'-Ing 

The  act  of  making  level. 

endangered 

en-dan'-jerd 

Exposed  to  danger  or  loss. 

impelled 

Im-peld' 

Urged  forward. 

submitted 

sub-mlt'-ted 

Surrendered  to  authority;    yielded. 

committed 

k6m-mlt'-ted 

Intrusted  to  ;    perpetrated. 

preferring 

pre-feV-rmg 

Holding  in  greater  favor. 

Words  to  be  applied:    concurrent,  recurring,  deferred,  transmit 

38 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  whole  matter  was  referred  to  the  Board  of  Arbitration. 

2  All  classes  of  Protestants   were  intent  on  expelling  James  II 

from  the  throne. 

3  He  was  promptly  acquitted  of  the  charge. 

4  Your  remittance  has  been  duly  credited. 

5  There  was  no  means  of  compelling  the  man  to  withdraw. 

6  They  attached  but  little  importance  to  the  occurrence. 

7  He  rebelled  so  strenuously  that  they  finally  dropped  the  matter. 

8  A  pass  was  issued  permitting  them  to  enter  the  building  when- 

ever they  desired. 

9  His  concurrence  in  that  opinion  strengthened  his  cause  wonder- 

fully. 

10  He  was  mentally  unfitted  for  such  work. 

11  "  The  abettors  of  slavery  are  weaving  the  thread  in  the  loom,  but 

God  is  adjusting  the  pattern." 

12  His  every  advance  was  repelled. 

13  Admitting  such  to  be  the  case,  we  see  no  reason  why  we  should 

comply  with  your  request. 

14  He  solicited    favors    from    all  his  friends  until  he  became  a 

nuisance. 

15  Spend  not  your  time  in  regretting  the  past,  but  in  building  for 

the  future. 

16  The  book  libeled  the  whole  human  race. 

17  The  memorial  building  was  to  be  modeled  after  the  Parthenon. 

18  The  quality  of  the  workmanship  is  unequaled. 

19  "  Upon  seeing  which  they  marveled  much." 

20  The  men  were  busily  engaged  in  leveling  the  lawn. 

21  The  constitution  would  be  endangered  by  such  a  law. 

22  His  boundless  ambition  impelled  him  to  continue  work. 

23  All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted  for  your  consideration. 

24  "To  those  who  can  best  do  the  work,  all  work  in  this  world  is 

sooner  or  later  committed." 

25  Johnstone  decided  to  remain  at  the  hotel  over  night,  preferring 

rather  to  lose  the  time  than  to  travel  at  night. 

39 


SFVFNTFFNTH  T    F^ON       Derivative  Words.    Verbs  ending  in  e 

on,  v  H.IN  i  H.ILIN  i  n  LtLo^^iN    drop  the  e  when  ing  or  ed  is  add(?d 

dining 

dm'-mg 

Taking  dinner. 

hating 

hat'-mg 

Disliking. 

gazing 

gaz'-Ing 

Looking  at  intently. 

planing 

plan'-Ing 

Smoothing  with  a  plane. 

mining 

min'-mg 

The  digging  of  minerals  from  the  earth. 

pruning 

prun'-mg 

Trimming  away  by  cutting. 

loving 

luv'-mg 

Regarding  with  affection. 

fining 

fm'-mg 

Imposing  a  fine  upon. 

exploding 

eks-plod'-Ing 

Bursting  with  sudden  violence  and  noise. 

confining 

k6n-fin'-Ing 

Keeping  within  certain  limits. 

reducing 

re-dus'-Ing 

Diminishing  ;    lessening  ;    decreasing. 

confusing 

kon-fuz'-Ing 

Perplexing. 

refining 

re-fm'-mg 

Reducing  to  a  fine  or  pure  state. 

troubling 

trub'-'l-mg 

Disturbing  ;   distressing. 

doubting 

dout'-Ing 

Hesitating  in  belief. 

inducing 

In-dus'-Ing 

Drawing  on;    prevailing  on. 

intimating 

In'-tl-mat-Ing 

Referring  to  in  a  remote  manner. 

subduing 

sub-du'-Ing 

Conquering;    destroying  the  force  of. 

ensuing 

en-su'-Ing 

Coming  after  ;  following  in  chronological 
succession. 

arguing 
valuing 

ar'-gu-Ing 
val'-u-Ing 

Reasoning  in  support  of  a  proposition, 
opinion  or  measure;    debating. 
Prizing;    placing  a  value  upon. 

rescuing 
blazing 

res'-ku-Ing 
blaz'-Ing 

Freeing    from    confinement,    danger    or 
evil. 
Glowing  with  flame;   flashing. 

cleansing 

klenz'-Ing 

Making  clean. 

sponging 

spiinj'-Ing 

Wiping  or  cleansing  with  a  sponge. 

Words  to  be  applied:    'balancing,  releasing,  solacing,  unceasing 

40 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  dining  hall  should  always  breathe  good  cheer. 

2  Darwin  says  that  a  man  may  be  guilty  of  intensely  hating  an- 

other, but  until  his  bodily  frame  is  affected  he  cannot  be  said 
to  be  enraged. 

3  She  was  found  gazing  with  expressionless  eyes  into  the  distance. 

4  The  mill  is  now  chiefly  engaged  in  planing. 

5  Gold  mining  is  an  important  industry  in  Alaska. 

6  In  pruning,  we  cut  away  some  portion  of  the  tree,  shrub  or  other 

plant,  for  the  benefit  of  that  which  remains. 

7  He  was  presented  with  a  magnificent  loving-cup. 

8  Fining  the  culprits  in  such  cases  will  not  cure  the  evil. 

9  Exploding  cartridges  were  heard  in  every  direction. 

10  The  employment  was  too  confining. 

11  Ways  and  means  for  reducing  the  expenses  must  be  devised. 

12  "  With  just  enough  learning,  and  skill  for  the  using  it, 

To  prove  he'd  a  brain,  but  forever  confusing  it." 

13  The  refining  of  oil  is  one  of  the  large  industries  of  this  country. 

14  Pardon  me  for  troubling  you  so  much. 

15  He  who  hesitates,  doubting,  will  lose  the  race. 

16  "  Inducing  him  to  accept  the  position  seemed  out  of  the  question." 

17  He  doubted  the  wisdom  of  it,  intimating  that  serious  results 

would  follow. 

18  Subduing  the  tribes  was  found  to  be  no  easy  matter. 

19  In  the  ensuing  close-range  fighting,  the  troops  were  badly  cut  up. 

20  "  There  is  nothing  more  delusive  than  arguing  from  a  fellow's 

school  or  collegiate  successes  to  his  triumphs  in  after-life." 

21  There  is  no  means  of  valuing  the  product. 

22  The  crew  of  the  cruiser  was  busily  engaged  in  rescuing  the  ship- 

wrecked sailors. 

23  "  For  them  no  more  the  blazing  hearth  shall  burn." 

24  Hercules   was   at   one   time    engaged   in   cleansing   the   Augean 

stables. 

25  The  spots  may  be  removed  by  sponging  with  alcohol. 

41 


EIGHTEENTH  LESSON—  English,  Greek  and  Latin  Prefixes 

For  the  sake  of  euphony  the  last  letter  of  the  prefix  is  often 
modified  by  the  first  letter  of  the  root.    In  this  way  the  prefix  ad  is 
changed  to  a,  ac,  af,  ag,  etc. 

NOTE  TO  TEACHER.  —  A  study  of  the  prefixes  and  sufilxes  and  their 
application  in  word  building  and  analysis  can  be  made  very  attrac- 
tive and  valuable.    Many  interesting  facts  will  be  disclosed  in  tracing 
the  meaning  of  words  from  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  and  noting  the 
changes  which  have  come  about  through  the  growth  and  development 
of  language. 

English  Prefixes 

Prefix 
a 
be 
for 
mis 
out 
over 
un 
under 
with 

Meaning 
at,  in,  on: 
to  make,  by: 
not,  from: 
ivrong,  wrongly: 
beyond: 
above: 
not,  opposite  act: 
beneath: 
from,  against: 

Application 
ahead,  ashore, 
benumb,  beside, 
forbid, 
misapply,  misrule, 
outweigh,  outbreak, 
overthrow,  overrule, 
unskilled,  uncivil, 
underground,  underrate, 
withdraw,  withstand. 

Greek  Prefixes 

a  (an) 
amphi 
ana 
anti  (ant) 
apo  (ap) 
cata  (cap) 
dia 
en  (em) 
epi  (ep) 
hyper 
hypo 
meta  (met) 

syn(sy,syl, 
sym) 

without,  not: 
both,  around: 
up,  back,  through: 
against,  opposite: 
from: 
down: 
through: 
in,  on: 
upon: 
over: 
under: 
between,   with,   over, 
beyond,  change: 
with,  together: 

atheist,  anarchy, 
amphitheater,  amphibious, 
analysis,  anathema, 
antipathy,  antithesis,  antonym, 
apology,  apotheosis, 
cataract,  catalogue, 
diameter,  diagram, 
energy,  emphasis, 
epidemic,  epigram, 
hypercritical,  hypertrophy, 
hypocrite,  hypodermic, 
metaphysical,  metamorphosis. 

synthesis,  system,  synonym. 

42 


Latin  Prefixes 

ab  (abs) 

from: 

abnormal,  abstain. 

ad  (a,  ac,af, 

to: 

admit,    ascend,    accustom,    affix, 

ag,  al,  an, 

annexed,  apportion,  attain. 

ap,  ar,  as, 

at) 

ante 

before: 

antedate,  antecedent. 

bi  (bis) 

two,  twice: 

bicycle,  bifacial. 

circum 

around  : 

circumnavigate,  circumspect. 

con  (co,col, 

with,  together: 

console,      co-ordinate,      collapse, 

com,  con) 

compress,  correspond. 

contra 

against: 

contravene,  counteract. 

(counter) 

de 

down,  from  : 

depose,  demerit. 

dis  (di,  dif) 

apart,    not,    opposite 

disconnect,  diffident,  divert. 

act: 

ex(e,ec,ef) 

out  of,  from: 

extract,  eject,  eccentric. 

extra 

beyond: 

extraordinary. 

in  (il,  im,ir) 

in,  on,  not: 

inapplicable,  illegal,  import,  irre- 

sponsible. 

non 

not: 

non-essential,  non-existent. 

ob  (oc,  of, 

in  front,  in  the  ivay, 

object,    occasion,    offend,    oppor- 

op) 

against: 

tune. 

per 

through,  throughout: 

pervade,  permanent. 

post 

after: 

postpone,  postscript. 

pre 

before: 

precede,  prefix. 

pro 

for,  forth: 

proceed,  pronoun. 

re 

back  or  again: 

relapse,  reconsider. 

retro 

backward: 

retroactive,  retrospect. 

se 

aside: 

select,  seclude. 

semi 

half: 

semicircular,  semiannual. 

sub      (sue, 

under: 

subway,  succumb,  suffice,  suggest, 

suf,    sug, 

support,  suspect. 

sup,  sus) 

super  (Fr. 

above,  over: 

supersede,  surpass. 

sur) 

trans  (tra) 

across,  beyond: 

transact,  traverse. 

ultra 

beyond: 

ultrafashionable. 

vice 

instead  of: 

vice-president,  vice-consul. 

Words  to  be  applied:    withhold,  unselfish,  outside,  mistake 

43 


NTNFTFFNTH       T    F^ON       Ask  the  student  to  supply  other  words 
INHNJL  1  HI11M  1  n      L^ODWIM—        in  which  thege  suffi^/are  used 

Latin  Suffixes 

Suffix 

Meaning 

Application 

able    (ible, 

able    to,    fit    to    be, 

tractable,  forcible,  noble. 

ble) 

causing: 

aceous 

having  the  quality  of, 

farinaceous,  spacious,  judicious. 

(acious) 

full  of: 

acy 

state    or    Quality    of 

obstinacy,  accuracy. 

being: 

al 

pertaining  to,  act  of: 

electoral,  general,  literal. 

an 

pertaining     to,     one 

American,  comedian,  historian. 

iv  ho  : 

ance  (ancy) 

state  of  being,  act  of: 

repentance,  distance,  hesitancy. 

ant  (ent) 

one  who,  that  which: 

expectant,  decadent,  merchant. 

ary 

belonging  to,  one  ivho, 

judiciary,  secondary. 

place  where: 

ate 

having,  one  who,   to 

confederate,  moderate,  generate. 

cle  (cule) 

a  diminutive  :  [make  : 

spectacle,  receptacle,  reticule. 

ence  (ency) 

state  of  being: 

affluence,  eloquence,  presidency. 

escence 

becoming: 

reminiscence,  acquiescence,  coal- 

(escent) 

escent. 

fy 

to  make: 

modify,  liquefy,  disqualify. 

ic  (ical) 

pertaining    to,    made 

gymnastic,  phonetic,  practical. 

of,  one  who: 

id 

quality  of: 

valid,  frigid,  lucid,  flaccid. 

ile 

able  to  be,  relating  to: 

puerile,  volatile,  servile. 

ine 

belonging  to: 

sanguine,  feminine,  doctrine. 

ion 

act  of,  state  of  being: 

condition,  commission,  erosion. 

ite 

one  who  is,  being: 

definite,  favorite,  cosmopolite. 

ity  (ty) 

state    or    quality    of 

vivacity,  duplicity,  velocity. 

being  : 

ive 

one  who,  that  which, 

imaginative,  lucrative,  operative. 

having  the  quality 

or  power  of: 

ment 

state  of  being,  act  of, 

assessment,  resentment/  "appoint- 

that which: 

ment. 

mony 

state   of   being,   that 

acrimony,     harmony,  ;  ceremony, 

ivhich  : 

matrimony. 

or 

one  who,  that  which: 

governor,  senior,  warrior. 

orv  frv. 

relating    to     place 

accessory,  derogatory,  dispensary, 

*"'•••  «7     \     «7  9 

arv.  erv^ 

where,  thing  which: 

solitary,  cookery,  robbery. 

**•*•  J  9   *•'•*•  «7  / 

ose  (ous) 

full  of,  having: 

jocose,  verbose,  ponderous. 

pie 

fold: 

multiple,  couple,  sextuple. 

tude 

state  of  being: 

quietude,  latitude,  gratitude. 

ule 

diminutive  : 

ridicule,  globule,  granule. 

ulent 

full  of: 

fraudulent,  corpulent,  virulent. 

ure 

state  or  act  of,  that 

pleasure,       censure,       enclosure, 

which: 

tenure. 

44 


English  Suffixes 

Suffix 

Meaning 

Application 

dom 

state    of    being,    do- 

random, thraldom,  freedom,  king- 

main of: 

dom. 

en 

made  of,  to  make: 

wooden,  molten,  rotten,  sodden. 

er 

one  who,  that  which, 

printer,    runner,    laborer,    voter, 

comparative  degree: 

larger,  longer. 

ery  (ry) 

place  where,  state  of 

husbandry,     savagery,     drapery, 

being,       collection, 

millinery. 

art  of: 

est 

most: 

largest,  smallest,  fastest,  greatest. 

ful 

full  of,  causing: 

graceful,  resourceful,  dreadful. 

hood 

state    or    quality    of 

manhood,  childhood,  statehood. 

being: 

ing 

the  act,  continuing: 

going,  effecting,  excluding. 

ish 

someivhat      like,      to 

womanish,       burnish,       English, 

make: 

bookish. 

less 

without: 

worthless,  speechless,  nerveless. 

iy 

manner,  like: 

tightly,  tacitly,  nightly,  sweetly. 

ness 

state    or    quality    of 

flatness,      loveliness,      darkness, 

being  : 

costliness. 

ship 

state  of,  office  of: 

receivership,  workmanship. 

some 

full  of,  causing: 

lonesome,  tiresome,  irksome. 

ster 

one  who: 

forester,  songster,  register. 

ward 

direction  of: 

forward,   upward,  backward,  af- 

(wards) 

terwards. 

Greek  Suffixes 

ic  (ical) 

pertaining    to,    made 

empiric,  allegoric,  topic,  maniac, 

(ac) 

of,  one  ivho: 

Teutonic,  Homeric,  psychic. 

ic  (ics) 

science  of: 

pneumatics,  hydraulics,  dynamics. 

ise  (ize) 

to  make,  to  give: 

hypnotize,  geologize,  harmonize. 

ism 

state   of    being,    doc- 

organism, Americanism,  heroism, 

trine  : 

baptism. 

ist 

one  ivho: 

organist,  novelist,  journalist. 

French  Suffixes 

age 

state  of  being,  act  of, 

homage,  voyage,  savage,  vintage, 

that  ivhich,  a  col- 

heritage, pilgrimage,  stoppage. 

lection  of: 

ee 

one  to  whom: 

employee,  mortgagee,  assignee. 

eer  (ier) 

one  who: 

financier,  engineer,  pioneer. 

ess 

female: 

lioness,  hostess,  enchantress. 

Words  to  be  applied:     heritage,  harmonize,  addressee,  consignee 

TWENTIETH   LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

referred 

appreciate 

opulence 

superintendent 

dining 

oriental 

incidental 

correspondence 

dependent 

auspicious 

requisite 

proportionate 

cameo 

eminent 

partially 

agriculturist 

preferring 

agitate 

opponent 

committed 

sponging 

inferred 

physician 

circumstance 

superintend- 

infernal 

squeezed 

abhorrence 

[ence 

castle 

cargo 

proximate 

economical 

expelling 

busy 

defining 

disposition 

hating 

faucet 

criminal 

changeable 

permanence 

agony 

fixtures 

specification 

palace 

deficit 

sanitary 

commenced 

cleansing 

courtesy 

annuity 

differential 

experience 

passages 

dealing 

submitted 

heinous 

gratis 

chagrin 

embellished 

acquitted 

request 

hurriedly 

consistency 

gazing 

property 

continue 

exclusively 

exhausted 

remedied 

testify 

humiliating 

luscious 

prefer 

extent 

commotion 

impelled 

suspend 

excitable 

microscope 

confusing 

surety 

cistern 

antecedent 

leisurely 

elastic 

Saturday 

hereinafter 

exquisite 

assignee 

valuable 

scrutinize 

regretting 

proposal 

colossal 

invincible 

fraudulent 

antique 

occasion 

conveying 

46 


CHAPTER   V 


npHOSE  words  called  homonyms,  which  are  pro- 
•*•  nounced  alike  but  spelled  differently,  can  be 
studied  only  in  connection  with  their  meaning,  since 
the  meaning  and  grammatical  use  in  the  sentence  is 
our  only  key  to  their  form. — Sherwin  Cody  in  "  Word- 
Study." 


47 


TWENTY-FIRST  LESSON—  Homophonous 

Words 

adieu 

a-du' 

Good-bye;   farewell. 

ado 

a-doo' 

Fuss  ;   bustle  ;   as,  to  "  make  a  great  ado." 

advice 

ad-vis' 

Counsel. 

advise 

ad-viz' 

To  give  counsel. 

air 

ar 

Atmosphere. 

heir 

ar 

One  who  inherits. 

ere 

ar  or  ar 

Before  ;   rather  than. 

e'er 

ar  or  £r 

A  contraction  for  ever. 

allowed 

al-loud' 

Granted;  permitted. 

aloud 

a-loud' 

With  a  loud  voice,  or  great  noise 

;    loudly. 

assay 

as-sa' 

To  test,  as  ore. 

essay 

es-sa' 

To  try;    to  attempt. 

ate 

at 

Did  eat. 

eight 

at 

Twice  four. 

auger 

a'-ger 

A  tool. 

augur 

a'-gur 

To  predict  ;   a  diviner. 

aught 

at 

Anything;    any  part. 

ought 
awful 

at 
a'-ful 

Should;    to  be  bound  in  duty  or 
obligations. 
Dreadful;    frightful. 

by  moral 

offal 
bad 

of'-fal 
bad 

Refuse;     that    which    is    thrown 
worthless  or  unfit  for  use. 
Evil  ;    wicked. 

away    as 

bade 

bad 

Did  bid. 

barred 

bard 

Restricted  or  confined. 

bard 

bard 

A  poet. 

bared 

bard 

Uncovered. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :    cast,  cask,  caster,  cere. 

48 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  I  bade  my  comrades  adieu  without  further  ado. 

2  If  you  will  take  my  advice,  I  will  advise  you  of  my  whereabouts. 

3  "  And  all  the  air  a  solemn  stillness  holds." 

4  The  heir  was  haughty  and  put  on  airs. 

5  I  will  be  thrown  into  Aetna  ere  I  will  leave  her. 

6  "  As  free  from  passion  as  e'er  the  gods  above." 

7  The  pupils  were  not  allowed  to  talk  aloud. 

8  He  essayed  to  assay  the  ore,  but  failed. 

9  The  boy  ate  eight  of  the  apples. 

10  An  auger  is  a  tool  larger  than  a  gimlet. 

11  "  Have  you  ever  found  your  mind  darkened  like  the  sunny  land- 

scape by  the  sudden  cloud,  which  augurs  a  coming  tempest?" 

12  For  aught  I  know,  we  are  lost. 

13  Ought  is  synonymous  with  should,  although  the  stronger  word, 

and  implies  a  moral  obligation. 

14  She  met  an  awful  death  in  the  collision. 

15  The  offal  should  be  removed  immediately. 

16  His  l)ad  habits  were  a  great  detriment  to  his  progress  in  business. 

17  The  man  ~bade  adieu  to  his  wicked  life. 

18  The  bard  who  had  bared  his  head  to  sing  before  the  king  was 

barred  from  his  presence. 

49 


TWENTY-SECOND  LESSON—  Homophonous  Words 

base 

has 

Lowest  part;   vile. 

bass 

bas 

A  part  in  music. 

breach 

brech 

A  gap  or  opening. 

breech 

brech 

The  hinder  part  of  anything. 

bred 

br6d 

Reared. 

bread 

bred 

An  article  of  food  made  from  flour  or 

meal. 

bullion 

bul'-yiin 

Uncoined  gold  or  silver. 

bouillon 

boo-ydn' 

Soup  or  broth.     (French.) 

bow 

bo 

A  curved  form  or  object. 

beau 

bo 

A  dandy  ;   an  escort  ;   a  lover. 

board 

bord 

Sawed  timber  ;   food  ;   stated  meals. 

bored 

bord 

Perforated;   wearied  by  a  bore. 

born 

born 

Brought  into  life. 

borne 

born 

Carried;   supported;   conveyed. 

bourn 

bornorboorn 

A  limit;    a  boundary. 

buy 

bi" 

To  purchase. 

by 

by 

Near. 

bye 

by 

As  in  "good-bye." 

calendar 

kal'-en-der 

An  almanac. 

calender 
Calvary 

kal'-en-der 
kal'-va-ry 

A   press   used  to   give  paper   or   cloth   a 
smooth,  glossy  surface. 
A  mountain. 

cavalry 

kav'-al-ry 

Mounted  troops. 

canon 

kan'-un 

A  church  law. 

canon 

kan'-yun 

A  defile.  (Spanish.) 

cannon 

kan'-nun 

A  great  gun. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :  chaste,  coign,  cord,  corporal. 

50 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  man  was  of  a  base  disposition,  but  had  a  magnificent  bass 

voice. 

2  Modern  guns  are  loaded  at  the  breech,  and  are  capable  of  caus- 

ing a  wide  breach  in  the  strongest  armor. 

3  Southern-bred  people  are  fond  of  warm  bread. 

4  The   miner   having  disposed  of  his   bullion,   ordered  a   cup   of 

bouillon. 


5      The  bow  was  an  important  part  of  the  equipment  of  the  beaux 
of  -olden  time. 


6  Board  also  applies  to  a  number  of  persons  appointed  or  elected 

to  sit  in  council  for  the  management  of  some  business. 

7  The  board  of  the  hotel  bored  the  guests. 

8  Born  in  captivity  of  the  bandits,  he  was  borne  beyond  the  bourn 

of  Servia. 

9  He  saw  her  pass  by  on  her  way  to  buy  her  ticket,  and  waved  her 

a  cordial  good-bye. 

10  Well  calendered  paper  is  often  used  in  printing  calendars. 

11  The  cavalry  marched  on  toward  Calvary. 

12  "  By  an  ancient  canon  those  who  administered  at  the  altars  of 

God  were  forbidden  to  take  any  part  in  the  infliction  of  cap- 
ital punishment." 

13  The  grand  canon  of  the  Colorado  river  in  Colorado  is  an  inspir- 

ing sight. 

14  The  United  States  recently  tested  a  cannon  that  would  carry  a 

projectile  twenty-six  miles. 

51 


TWENTY-THIRD  LESSON—  Homophonous  Words 

canvas 

kan'-vas 

Coarse  cloth. 

canvass 

kan'-vas 

To  search  or  solicit. 

capital 

kap'-I-tal 

Chief  city  ;   stock  in  trade. 

capitol 

kap'-I-t6l 

National  or  state  edifice. 

caret 

ka'-ret 

(A)  Sign  used  in  writing  or  printing. 

carrot 

kar'-rut 

A  vegetable. 

carat 

kar'-at 

Weight  or  fineness. 

cede 

sed 

To  yield  or  surrender. 

seed 

sed 

Life  principle;    source;    original. 

ceil 

sel 

To  cover  the  inner  side  of  the  roof. 

seal 

sel 

A  sea  animal  ;   a  stamp. 

cell 
sell 

sel 
sel 

A     small     apartment;      minute     elementary 
structure. 
To  transfer  for  a  price. 

seller 

sel'-ler 

One  who  sells. 

cellar 

seT-ler 

A  room  or  rooms  under  a  building. 

censer 

sSn'-ser 

A  vessel. 

censor 

s£n'-s6r 

An  examiner;  a  critic;   a  reviewer. 

cent 

sent 

A  coin. 

sent 

sent 

Did  send. 

scent 

sent 

An  odor. 

cereal 

se'-re-al 

Any  edible  grain. 

serial 

se'-rf-al 

Pertaining  to  a  series. 

Ceres 

se'-rez 

Goddess  of  corn  and  tillage. 

series 

se'-rez 

A  succession  of  things. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :  crisis,  cymbal,  dear,  deviser. 

52 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  word  canvas  is  also  applied  to  paintings ;   as,  "  History  does 

not  bring  out  clearly  upon  the  canvas  the  details  which  were 
familiar." 

2  "  No  previous  canvass  was  made  for  me." 

3  Washington  and  Paris  are  capital  cities. 

When  wealth  is  used  to  assist  production,  it  is  called  capital. 

4  The  Capitol  at  Washington  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  struc- 

tures in  the  world. 

5  The  spelling  of  the  word  caret,  a  sign  used  in  printing  or  writ- 

ing, should  be  carefully  distinguished  from  carat,  signifying 
weight  or  fineness,  and  carrot,  the  name  of  a  vegetable. 

6  "  The  people  must  cede  to  the  government  some  of  their  natural 

rights." 

7  "  Praise  of  great  acts  he  scatters  as  a  seed" 

8  "  The  greater  house  he  ceiled  with  fir  tree." 

9  "  Like  a  red  seal  is  the  setting  sun 

On  the  good  and  the  evil  men  have  done." 

10  The  prisoner  was  led  to  the  cell. 

11  "  I  will  buy  with  you,  sell  with  you ;  but  I  will  not  eat  with  you." 

12  The  seller  of  the  property  misrepresented  it  to  the  buyer. 

13  The  cellar  is  generally  used  as  a  place  in  which  to  store  pro- 

visions. 

14  "  Her  thoughts  are  like  the  fume  of  frankincense  which  from  a 

golden  censer  forth  doth  rise." 

15  The  censor  was  very  much  overworked  during  the  Spanish  regime 

in  Cuba.    "  Received  with  caution  by  the  censor  of  the  press." 

16  He  was  given  fifty  cents  and  sent  to  purchase    sweet-scented 

incense.    "  Half  the  world  is  on  the  wrong  scent  in  the  pursuit 
of  happiness." 

17  Cereals  form  a  very  important  part  of  the  food  products  of  this 

country. 

18  Stories  published  on  the  serial  plan  are  said  by  some  critics  to 

be  on  the  decline. 

19  Ceres  was  the  daughter  of  Saturn  and  Ops,  or  Rhea. 

20  "  During  some  years  his  life  was  a  series  of  triumphs." 

53 


TWENTY-FOURTH  LESSON-Homophonous  Words 

cession 

sesh'-un 

Compliance  ;   the  act  of  ceding. 

session 

sesh'-un 

A  sitting. 

choir 

kwir 

A  band  of  singers. 

quire 

kwir 

Twenty-four  sheets  of  paper. 

cite 

sit 

To  quote;    to  notify  of  a  pro- 

ceeding in  court. 

site 

sit 

Situation  or  location. 

sight 

sit 

Vision  ;   act  of  seeing  ;   a  view. 

clique 

klek 

A  group  of  persons. 

click 

kllk 

A  sharp,  non-ringing  sound. 

coarse 

kors 

Rough. 

course 

kors 

Direction;      a    portion    of    a 

meal. 

complement 

kom'-ple-ment 

Fullness  ;    completion. 

compliment 

kom'-pll-m6nt 

Praise  ;    flattery. 

confidant 

kon-fl-dant' 

A  bosom  friend. 

confident 

kon'-fl-dent 

Positive  ;    sure. 

correspondence 

kor-re-spond'-ens 

Intercourse  by  letter. 

correspondents 

kor-r£-sp6nd'-ents 

Those    who    communicate    by 

letter. 

counsel 

koun'-sel 

Advice  ;    opinion. 

council 

koun'-sll 

An  assembly. 

currant 

kur'-rant 

A  small  fruit. 

current 

kur'-rent 

Course  of  a  stream;    now  go- 

ing on  (adj.). 

core 

kor 

The  inner  part. 

corps 

kor 

A  body  of  troops. 

co-respondent 

ko-  re"-sp6nd'-ent 

One  who  answers  jointly  with 

another. 

correspondent 

kor-re-spond'-ent 

One  who  corresponds. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 

following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 

construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :    dire,  earn,  faint,  fete. 

54 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  cession  of  the  Philippine  Islands  by  Spain  was  made  upon 

payment  of  $20,000,000  by  the  United  States. 

2  A  session  of  Parliament  is  opened  with  a  speech  from  the  throne. 

3  The  choir  sang  the  "  Recessional "  with  wonderful  feeling. 

4  Paper  is  now  sold  by  the  pound,  rather  than  by  the  quire. 

5  "  The  devil  can  cite  Scripture  to  his  purpose." 

6  He  selected  the  site  for  the  building. 

7  They  never  saw  a  sight  so  fair. 

8  The  operations  of  the  clique  were  broken  up  by  the  click  of  the 

lock. 

9  The  coarse  man  took  the  opposite  course. 

10  Hoffman,  the  pianist,  is  not  fond  of  a  course  dinner. 

11  "  History  is  the  complement  of  poetry." 

12  "It  is  a  tedious  waste  of  time  to  sit  and  hear  so  many  compli- 

ments and  lies." 

13  He  was  confident  that  his  confidant  had  not  betrayed  him. 

14  Correspondence  should  be  looked  after  carefully  by  correspond- 

ents. 

15  The  counsel  for  the  railroad  company  counseled  the  passage  of 

the  measure  by  the  city  council. 

16  "  Currants  are  so  called  because  the  berries  resemble  in  size  the 

small  grapes  from  the  Levant." 

17  "  Our  gold's  laid  up  in  sunsets,  safe  from  thieves ; 

And  all  our  current  silver's  in  the  stars." 

18  The  corps  of  infantry  attempted  to  reach  the  core  of  the  enemy's 

base  of  supplies. 

19  The  co-respondent  in  the  famous  suit  was  a  noted  correspondent 

of  the  newspaper. 

55 


TWENTY-FIFTH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

adieu 

together 

transmission 

rarely 

advise 

intense 

restaurant 

wrought 

heir 

surplus 

comical 

remembrance 

cite 

immaterial 

exposition 

manipulation 

essay 

pleasing 

supreme 

mortification 

augur 

incite 

infringe 

independence 

offal 

cemetery 

abscond 

figurative 

complement 

mitigate 

antidote 

republic 

bard 

ambiguous 

defaulter 

frequently 

breech 

resulted 

proposition 

nickel 

counsel 

reservoir 

cabbage 

bilious 

bouillon 

possessor 

celebrity 

commodities 

bored 

colonel 

illustrious 

prescription 

calendar 

brotherhood 

nineteenth 

boisterous 

canon 

obligatory 

negligent 

commencement 

canvass 

tasty 

scripture 

variety 

caret 

perpetrate 

stave 

effectiveness 

cede 

captivate 

gratify 

palsy 

ceil 

counterfeit 

elevator 

pestilence 

corps 

appendix 

interline 

caterpillar 

censer 

immoral 

glazier 

whisky 

serial 

umbrella 

intrude 

charity 

cession 

homely 

praise 

polish 

choir 

dullness 

admissible 

acute 

current 

preference 

proffered 

courageously 

56 


CHAPTER   VI 


TT  is  the  height  of  folly  to  throw  up  attempting 
A  because  you  have  failed.  Failures  are  wonderful 
elements  in  developing  the  character. — Max  Muller. 


57 


TWENTY-SIXTH  LESSON—  Homophonous  Words 

disease 

dlz-ez' 

Sickness. 

decease 

de-ses' 

Death. 

deference 

dgf'-er-ens 

Reverence  ;    respect. 

difference 

dlf'-fer-ens 

Dissimilarity  ;    disagreement 

descendant 

de-send'-ant 

Offspring. 

descendent 

de-send'-ent 

Descending  ;    falling. 

descent 

de-sent' 

Declivity  ;    lineage. 

dissent 

dls-sSnt' 

To  disagree. 

desert 

de-zert' 

To  abandon. 

desert 

deV-ert 

An  uninhabited  region. 

dessert 

dez-zert* 

The  last  course  at  dinner. 

device 

de-vis' 

A  contrivance. 

devise 

de-viz' 

To  plan;    to  bequeath. 

dual 

du'-al 

Double. 

duel 

du'-el 

An  arranged  fight,  usually  between  two. 

edition 
addition 

e-dlsh'-un 
ad-dl'-shun 

The  whole  number  of  copies  of  a  work 
published  at  one  time. 
Act  of  adding. 

effect 

gf-fekt' 

To  accomplish;    result. 

affect 

af-fekt' 

To  influence;    to  pretend. 

elusive 

e-lu'-slv 

Using,  arts  to  escape  ;    fallacious. 

illusive 

Il-lu'-slv 

Deceiving  by  false  show. 

emigrant 

£m'-I-grant 

One  who  moves  out  of  a  country. 

immigrant 

Im'-ml-grant 

One  who  moves  into  a  country. 

eminent 

£m'-I-nent 

Distinguished  ;    prominent. 

imminent 

Im'-ml-nent 

Impending  ;   threatening. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :   high,  hoard,  ode,  pail 

58 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  disease  which  that  man  had  caused  his  decease. 

2  The  deference  which  was  paid  to  the  ruler  by  the  foreigners 

made  a  decided  difference  in  the  attitude  of  his  own  people. 

3  "  As  we  would  have  our  descendants  judge  us,  so  ought  we  to 

judge  our  fathers." 

4  "  This  descendant  juice  is  that  which  principally  nourishes  both 

fruit  and  plant." 

5  The  sudden  descent  of  the  enemy  caused  our  defeat. 

6  "  Dissent  ends  in  denial  at  last." 

7  He  was  deserted  by  his  guide  on  the  desert. 

8  The  dessert  was  served  most  artistically. 

9  "  No  mortal  builder's  most  rare  device 

Could  match  this  winter-palace  of  ice." 

10  "  Then  she  plots,  then  she  ruminates,  then  she  devises.11 

11  Pope  ascribes  to  women  dual  passions — love  of  pleasure  and  love 

of  power ;    the  latter  has  led  to  many  a  duel. 

12  This   edition  of   Shakespeare   makes   a   wonderful   addition  to 

artistic  literature. 

13  It  will  be  impossible  to  effect  a  settlement  on  this  basis. 

(See  unabridged  dictionary  for  full  meaning  of  effect.) 

14  "  When  we  least  think  it  we  may  be  affecting  others  in  their  whole 

destiny." 

(See  unabridged  dictionary  for  full  meaning  of  affect.) 

15  Nothing  is  more  illusive  than  the  elusive  dream  of  wealth. 

16  Emigrants  from  the  United  States  are  rare,  while  stringent  laws 

have  been  enacted  here  to  protect  us  from  undesirable  immi- 
grants from  other  countries. 

17  The  eminent  divine  became  considerably  excited  when  a  collision 

appeared  imminent. 

59 


TWENT  Y-SE  VENTH  LESSON-Homophonous  Words 

envelop 
envelope 

6n-veT-6p 
6n'-v6l-6p 

To    surround,   as   with   a   fog,   smoke, 
flames,  etc. 
A  wrapper;   an  inclosing  cover. 

accede 

ak-sed' 

To  comply  ;   to  agree  ;  to  assent. 

exceed 

ek-sed' 

To  excel. 

except 

ek-sept' 

To  omit  ;   to  reject. 

accept 

ak-sept' 

To  receive  ;  to  agree  to. 

exercise 

6ks'-er-siz 

Practice  ;   exertion. 

exorcise 

Sks'-6r-siz 

To  cast  out  evil  spirits. 

extant 

eks'-tant 

In  existence. 

extent 

eks-tent' 

Degree;   bulk;   size. 

genius 
genus 

jen'-yus 
je'-nus 

Talent;   peculiar  character,  or  animat- 
ing spirit. 
Species  or  class. 

hear 

her 

To  hearken. 

here 

her 

In  this  place. 

impassable 

Im-pas'-a-b'l 

Not  admitting  a  passage. 

impassible 
incite 

Im-pas'-sl-b'l 
m-sit' 

Incapable     of     suffering;      unfeeling; 
without  sensation. 
To  move  to  action;   to  stir  up. 

insight 
indict 
indite 

m'-sit 
In-dlt' 
m-dlt' 

Understanding  ;    discernment  ;    percep- 
tion. 
To  charge  with  a  crime  or  accuse  form- 
ally. 
To  compose;    to  write. 

ingenious 

m-jen'-yus 

Possessing  inventive  skill. 

ingenuous 

m-jen'-u-us 

Artless  ;   sincere. 

instance 

m'-stans 

Occasion;    solicitation;    to  refer  to. 

instant 

In'-stant 

Urgent  ;   current. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :  pearl,  perjury,  prescription 

60 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  A  cloud  of  smoke  almost  always  envelops  Chicago,  causing  no 

end  of  distress  to  people  who  affect  dainty  dress. 

2  The  envelope  was  misdirected. 

3  I  reluctantly  accede  to  your  request,  although  the  amount  ex- 

ceeds that  stipulated  in  our  agreement. 

4  The  price  includes  everything  except  freight  charges. 

(See  unabridged  dictionary  for  use  of  except.) 

5  "  Accept  the  place  the  divine  providence  has  found  for  you." 

(See  unabridged  dictionary  for  use  of  accept.) 

6  "  The  exercise  of  criticism  never  fails  to  destroy,  for  the  time,  our 

sensibility  to  the  beauty  of  every  composition." 

7  "  Hennepin  caused  great  astonishment  among  the  Indians  by  per- 

.forming  the  Catholic  service  before  them.     They  imagined  he 
was  exorcising  the  devil." 

8  Many  copies  of  the  work  are  still  extant  in  the  provinces,  though 

the  extent  of  the  circulation  is  not  known. 

9  "  Genius  is  not  a  single  power,  but  a  combination  of  great  powers." 

"  The  sixteenth  century  was  an  age  of  surpassing  poetic  genius.11 

10  Genus  is  a  comprehensive  term  used  in  classifying  groups  of 

animals  or  plants. 

11  Come  here  and  hear  what  I  have  to  say. 

12  An  Impassable  barrier  was  detected  at  first  sight. 

13  She  sat  through  the  entire  performance  perfectly  impassible. 

14  His  clear  insight  into  all  modern  sciences  incited  many  to  envy. 

15  "  It  is  the  peculiar  province  of  the  grand  jury  to  indict." 

16  "  Hear  how  learned  Greece  her  useful  rules  indites.11 

17  "  Washington  was  an  ingenious  man,  possessed  of  an  ingenuous 

love  of  truth." 

18  For  instance,  had  the  train  not  been  delayed,  the  engineer  would 

not  have  met  his  instant  doom. 

61 


TWENTY-EIGHTH  LESSON-Homophonous  Words 

irruption 

Ir-rup'-shun 

Invasion  ;    inroad. 

eruption 

e-rup'-shun 

A  breaking  out. 

plain 

plan 

Clear;   level;   candid. 

plane 

plan 

A  tool  :   even  ;   level  ;   flat. 

pore 

por 

A  minute  opening  ;    also,  to  study. 

pour 

por 

To  cause  to  flow. 

prescribe 

pre-skrlb' 

To  order;    to  direct. 

proscribe 

pro-skrib' 

To    denounce,    condemn  ;     outlaw  ; 

exile  ;    banish. 

presentiment 

pr£-s6n'-tl-ment 

An  omen;    a  warning;    vague  per- 

ception. 

presentment 

pre-z6nt'-ment 

A  setting  forth  to  view. 

principal 

prln'-sl-pal 

Chief;    a  leader. 

principle 

prm'-sl-p'l 

Integrity  ;   a  primary  truth. 

prophesy 

pr6f'-£-si 

To  utter  predictions. 

prophecy 

pr6f'-e-sy 

That  which  is  foretold. 

rays 

raz 

The   elements   of   light  ;     lines   of 

light. 

raze 

raz 

To  demolish  ;    to  overthrow. 

raise 

raz 

To  lift  up. 

residence 

rgz'-I-dens 

The  place  or  dwelling  where  one 

resides. 

residents 

rez'-I-dents 

The  inhabitants  of  a  place. 

root 

root 

Underground  part  of  a  plant. 

route 

root  or  rout 

Direction  or  course. 

salvage 

sal'-vaj 

That  which  is  saved    from  fire  or 

shipwreck. 

selvage 

sel'-vaj 

The  edge  of  woven  fabrics. 

sculptor 

skulp'-ter 

One  who  sculptures. 

sculpture 

skulp'-tur 

The  art  of  carving  images. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 

following  words,  and  those  haying  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 

construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :   profit,  quarts,  rancor,  recede 

62 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  irruption  occurred  immediately  before  the  eruption  of  the 

volcano. 

2  To  be  plain,  the  carpenter  will  use  a  plane  to  make  a  plain 

surface. 

3  She  will  pore  over  the  book  while  her  mother  pours  the  tea. 

4  "  The  necessities  which  initiate  government  themselves  prescribe 

the  actions  of  government." 

5  "  Sylla  and  the  triumvirs  never  proscribed  so  many  men  as  they 

do  by  their  ignorant  edicts." 

6  "  Magic,  and  all  that  is  ascribed  to  it,  is  a  deep  presentiment  of 

the  powers  of  science." 

7  "  Thus  I  hurl  my  dazzling  spells  into  the  spongy  air  of  power  to 

cheat  the  eye  with  blear  illusion,  and  give  it  false  presentment." 

8  He  was  appointed  principal  of  the  high  school. 

9  "  In  all  governments  truly  republican,  men  are  nothing — principle 

is  everything." 

10  "  Always  prophesy  good  fortune  unless  there  is  an  absolute  im- 

possibility of  the  prophecy's  being  fulfilled." 

11  The  rays  of  the  sun  beat  down  fiercely  on  the  building  which 

had  just  been  razed  by  the  wind. 

12  "Danvers  undertook  to  raise  the  city  from  the  ruins." 

13  Richard  Grant  White  objects  to  the  term  residence,  as  commonly 

used,   but   the  residents  are  quite   willing  that  their  homes 
should  be  called  by  the  high-sounding  name  of  residences. 

14  The  abnormal  desire  for  money  is  the  root  of  many  evils,  and 

often  offers  a  direct  route  to  ruin. 

15  The  salvage  on  the  velvets  was  very  large,  as  an  examination 

showed  that  only  the  selvage  had  been  destroyed. 

16  The  sculptor  was  a  great  admirer  of  ancient  sculpture. 

63 


TWENTY-NINTH  LESSON—  Homophonous  Words 

seas 

sez 

Plural  of  sea. 

seize 

sez 

To  grasp. 

stationary 

sta'-shun-a-ry 

In  a  fixed  position. 

stationery 

sta'-shun-gr-y 

Writing  materials. 

straight 

strat 

Direct;   not  deviating. 

strait 

strat 

Difficulty  ;   a  narrow  passage. 

subtile 

/  sub'-til     \ 
torsut'-'I/ 

Thin  ;   delicate,  as  a  "  subtile  "  web. 

subtle 

sut'-'l 

Artful;   sly. 

suite 

swet 

A  retinue  ;   a  set  of  apartments. 

sweet 

swet 

Sugary;   pleasing  to  the  senses. 

tare 

tar 

A  weed;    deduction  for  weight  of  cask, 

wrapping,  etc. 

tear 

tar 

To  rend  or  pull  apart. 

their 

thar 

Possessive  of  "  they." 

there 

thar 

In  that  place. 

to 

too 

A  preposition;   unto. 

too 

too 

Also  ;  expressing  excess,  as  "  too  much." 

two 

too 

Twice  one;   a  pair. 

verses 

ver'-sez 

Poetry  ;   stanzas. 

versus 

ver'-siis 

Against. 

waive 

wav 

To  relinquish. 

wave 

wav 

An  undulation. 

ware 

war 

Merchandise. 

wear 

war 

To    last;    to  endure;     to  carry    on  the 

waste 

wast 

person. 
To  squander. 

waist 

wast 

Middle  part  of  the  body. 

NOTE.  —  The  student  should  look  up,  in  the  unabridged  dictionary,  the 
following  words,  and  those  having  same  or  similar  pronunciation,  and 
construct  sentences  using  them  correctly  :    root,  rung,  sac,  sailer. 

64 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  A  man  often  sees  opportunities  slip  from  him  which  he  was  un- 

able to  seize  because  of  being  submerged  in  seas  of  indecision. 

2  The  price  of  stationery  remains  stationary. 

3  "  He  shows  himself  to  be  a  man  of  wide  reading,  a  pretty  straight 

thinker,  and  a  lively  and  independent  critic." 

4  The  poor  fellow  was  in  desperate  straits. 

5  "  He  forges  the  subtile  and  delicate  air  into  wise  and  melodious 

words." 

6  "  The  subtle  mind  of  lago  glides  to  its  object  with  the  soft  celerity 

of  a  panther's  tread." 

7  The  suite  of  the  Chinese  minister  comprised  over  sixty  persons. 

8  Children  are  usually  fond  of  sweet  cakes.    , 

"  'Tis  sweet  to  be  at  home  again,  after  an  absence  abroad." 

9  The  tare  on  a  bale  of  cotton  is  thirty  pounds ;    the  hooks  used 

in  handling  it  tear  great  holes  in  the  covering. 

10  There  has  been  a  change  made  in  their  plans. 

11  Two  dollars  will  be  too  much  to  allow  him  for  so  small  a  service. 

12  The  poet  Austin  has  been  accused  by  critics  of  writing  verses 

that  could  not  properly  be  termed  poetry. 

13  Vs.  is  the  abbreviation  for  versus,  meaning  against. 

14  He  waved  the  man  aside  impetuously,  and  said  he  would  waive 

all  rights  to  the  property. 

15  Granite  ware  will  outwear  the  ordinary  kind. 

16  Do  not  waste  time;    lost  time  can  never  be  regained. 

17  The  Venus  de  Medici  measures  twenty-six  inches  around  the 

waist. 

65 


THIRTIETH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

correspondent 

purify 

appraisal 

commendable 

clique 

exhilarate 

necessary 

arrangements 

confidant 

succumb 

reasonable 

manufacturing 

[ment 

counsel 

obscure 

accustom 

acknowledg- 

decease 

rebate 

cleanly 

complement 

deference 

ensuing 

notebook 

descendent 

dissent 

lawyer 

curiosity 

rendezvous 

dessert 

laboratory 

antedate 

thanksgiving 

devise 

emblem 

renovate 

penitentiary 

dual 

irregular 

thresher 

superiority 

eminent 

Tuesday 

assign 

organization 

illusive 

hitherto 

college 

professional 

immigrant 

existence 

hazardous 

completion 

accede 

author 

vengeance 

inflammation 

exorcise 

flexibility 

grotesque 

missionary 

extant 

teachable 

guarantee 

impression 

genus 

holiday 

celluloid 

implements 

impassable 

irritate 

usury 

deposition 

indite 

sincerely 

important 

catechism 

ingenuous 

polar 

accurate 

suffering 

irruption 

stampede 

exception 

alphabet 

except 

steward 

definitely 

naturally 

extent 

miner 

progress 

impatiently 

poll 

propel 

valuing 

intently 

reliable 

ancient 

unwieldy 

universal 

CHAPTER   VII 


NE  of  the  things  in  life  which  we  use  the  most 
and  value  the  least  is  language.  It  is  the  dis- 
tinction of  our  race,  our  highest  prerogative,  the 
instrument  of  our  progress.  It  is  the  bond  of 
brotherhood,  too,  and  the  body  in  which  truth  be- 
comes incarnate.  The  thought-history  of  the  race  is 
written  in  the  very  structure  of  its  speech;  and  a 
language  or  a  dialect  is  as  significant  of  great  social 
forces  now  long  spent  as  the  strata  of  the  earth's 
surface  are  concerning  seismic  energies. 

— John  Coleman  Adams. 


67 


THIRTY-FIRST  LESSON—  Discriminated  Words 

caution 

ka'-sMn 

To  warn  ;  to  exhort  ;  to  take  heed. 

advise 

ad'-vlz' 

To  give  advice  to. 

benefit 

ben'-e-flt 

Whatever     promotes     prosperity 

and     personal     happiness,     or 

adds  value  to  property. 

advantage 

ad-van'-taj 

Any  condition  favorable  to  a  de- 

sired end. 

contrary 

kon'-tra-ry 

In  an  opposite  direction. 

adverse 

ad'-vers 

Acting  against. 

opposite 
apprehension 
alarm 

6p'-po-zlt 
ap-pre-hSn'-  shun 
a-larm' 

Extremely  different. 
Fear  or  distrust. 
Warning  sound  to  attract  attention. 

partnership 

part'-ner-shlp 

An  association  of  persons  for  the 

prosecution  of  an  undertaking, 

or  a  business  on  joint  account. 

league 

leg 

The  combination  of  two  or  more 

nations,  parties  or  persons,  for 

the  accomplishment  of  a  pur- 

pose. 

alliance 

al-li'-ans 

A  union  or  connection  of  inter- 

ests  between   families,   states, 

parties,  etc. 

permit 

per-mlt' 

To  suffer  to  be  done  ;  to  give  leave. 

allow 

al-lou' 

To  grant  license  to  ;   to  consent  to. 

pastime 

pas'-tim 

That  which  serves  to  make  time 

pass  agreeably. 

recreation 

rek-re-a'-shun 

Refreshment  of  the  strength  and 

spirits  after  toil. 

amusement 

a-muz'-mSnt 

Pleasurable     excitement  ;       that 

which  amuses. 

affinity 

af-fln'-I-ty 

Relation  by  marriage. 

consanguinity 

k6n-san-gwln'-l-ty 

Relation  by  blood. 

cure 

kur 

Successful   remedial    treatment  ; 

restorative. 

remedy 

rSm'-&-dy 

Setting  right  of    anything    that 

ha,s  gone  wrong. 

animosity 

an-I-m6s'-I-ty 

Energetic    and    activp   personal 

dislike. 

hostility 

h6s-tll'-l-ty 

State  of  being  hostile  ;   enmity. 

agreement 

a-gre'-ment 

The  act  of  coming  into   accord  ; 

mutual  consent. 

contract 

kfln'-trakt 

Binding  agreement  between  indi- 

viduals, formally  written  and 

executed. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences:    reply,  answer,  obvious,  apparent 

THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  You  cautioned  me  against  their  charms." 

2  Advise  your  friends  to  vote  to  change  the  measure. 

3  Some  benefits  are  conferred;   others  are  reaped. 

4  The  educated  man  has  a  distinct  advantage  over  the  uneducated 

man. 

5  Things  are  contrary  which  have  very  great  unlikeness  to  each 

other,  in  character  and  attributes. 

6  Adverse  circumstances  retard  and  make  most  difficult  the  prog- 

ress of  our  purposes  and  schemes. 

7  The  contrary  have  wide  differences;    the  opposite  have  nothing 

in  common. 

8  "  The  pain  of  death  is  most  in  apprehension.1' 

9  Alarms    were    instantly    sounded,    and    the    employees,    panic- 

stricken,  rushed  from  the  burning  building. 

10  "  He  that  has  but  five  shillings  in  the  partnership  has  as  good  a 

right  to  it  as  he  that  has  five  hundred  pounds  has  to  his 
larger  proportion." 

11  The  Merchants'  ^League  has  accomplished  much  toward  further- 

ing the  interests  of  our  city. 

12  The  alliance  between  the  powers  saved  China  from  dismember- 

ment. 

13  Why  does  the  city  permit  its  public  grounds  to  be  used  for  such 

questionable  amusements  ? 

14  How  can  you  allow  the  child  to  play  in  such  inclement  weather? 

15  Many  persons  find  golf  a  most  excellent  recreation;  many  others 

find  in  cards  a  pleasant  pastime. 

16  The  play  was  written  expressly  for  the  amusement  of  the  king. 

17  There  is  an  affinity  between  husband  and  wife,  in  consequence 

of  the  marriage  tie.     It  is  well  if  there  be  also  an  affinity  of 
sentiment  and  taste. 

18  "Am  I  not  consanguineous?    Am  I  not  of  her  blood?" 

19  To  remedy  a  disease  is  simply  to  remove  it;    to  cure  it  is  to 

remove  the  cause. 

20  Animosity  exists  between  individuals,  hostility  between  nations. 

21  To  agree  is  to  come  to  terms ;   to  contract,  is  to  reduce  terms  to 

writing. 


THIRTY-SECOND   LESSON—  Discriminated  Words 

colleague 

kdl'-leg 

One  united  with  another  in  tenure  of 

office  or  discharge  of  official  duty. 

partner 

part'-ner 

Partaker;    associate;    joint  owner. 

confines 

k6n'-fms 

Common  boundary;   border. 

limits 

llm'-Its 

That  which  bounds  or  circumscribes 

in  a  material  manner. 

duty 

du'-ty 

DDhat  which  one  is  bound  to  do,  or 

perform. 

obligation 

6b'-H-ga'-shun 

Act  of  obligating  or  binding. 

like  (liking) 

Ilk 

To  be  pleased  with  ;  to  enjoy. 

love 

luv 

Affection  ;   fondness  ;   devotion. 

fault 

fait 

Anything  wanting  or  that  impairs 

excellence. 

blemish 

blSm'-Ish 

To  mark  with  deformity  ;   to  mar. 

defect 

d£-f6kt' 

Want    of    something  necessary  for 

completeness. 

glory 

glo'-ry 

Praise  ;   reputation  ;    fame. 

honor 

6n'-er 

Esteem  due  to  worth;    integrity. 

pretty 

prlt'-ty 

Characterized  by  beauty  of  a  deli- 

cate kind. 

handsome 

han'-sum 

Agreeable  to  the  eye  or  to  good  taste 

in  form  and  appearance. 

splendid 

spten'-dld 

Brightly  shining;    magnificent;    il- 

lustrious. 

renowned 

re-nound' 

The  state  of  being  widely  known  for 

one's  great  achievements  of  merit. 

celebrated 

sel'-e-bra'-tSd 

Having  celebrity  ;    distinguished. 

notorious 

no-to'-rl-us 

Known  to  disadvantage;    unfavor- 

ably conspicuous. 

choked 

chokt 

Stopping  of  anything  through  which 

a  free  passage  or  current  ought  to 

exist. 

suffocated 

suf'-fo-ka-ted 

Suffocated  is  only  applicable  proper- 

ly to  living  beings. 

smothered 

smuth'-erd 

Smothered  is  used  of  such  stoppage 

of  air  as  is  produced  by  an  over- 

whelming mass  from  without. 

surprised 

sur-prizd' 

Come  upon  suddenly. 

astonished 

as-t6n'-isht 

Surprised    greatly,    as    with    some- 

thing unaccountable. 

Words  to  be  applied:    personalty,  personality,  realty,  reality 

70 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  A  colleague  is  one  who  is  united  with  another  in  the  tenure  of 

office  or  the  discharge  of  an  official  duty;  a  partner  is  com- 
monly one  who  takes  part  in  a  social  community  of  interest, 
whether  grave  or  gay. 

2  We  speak  of  the  confines  of  a  country,  of  the  limits  of  a  city. 

3  A  duty  can  never  be  against  reason;   an  obligation  may  be  even 

absurd.  Obligation  is  defined  by  the  extent  of  the  power  which 
obligates ;  duty  by  the  ability  of  the  subject  who  performs. 

4  Love  involves  some  degree  of  admiration,  though  admiration  is 

not  in  itself  love;  but  we  may  like  persons  for  amiable  quali- 
ties, even  when  these  qualities  betray  weakness. 

5  A  fault  is  a  defect  as  referred  to  human  agency ;    as,  a  fault  of 

perspective  in  painting,  while  the  fading  of  a  color  under 
natural  influences  is  a  blemish.  Anything  which  deteriorates 
an  article,  or  detracts  from  its  completeness,  whether  as  a 
work  of  art  or  a  piece  of  furniture,  is  a  defect. 

6  Honor  is  never  entirely  separated  from  virtue;    but  glory  may 

have  no  connection  with  it.  Honor  must  ever  regard  the  rights 
of  others;  glory  may  be  earned  at  their  expense.  Glory 
attends  great  deeds;  honor  attends  the  discharge  of  duty. 
Therefore  we  may,  if  we  please,  despise  glory,  but  it  is  ill  to 
despise  honor. 

7  A  pretty  cottage;    a  handsome  house;    a  splendid  mansion. 

8  Milton   speaks  of  "some   renowned   metropolis   with   glistening 

spires." 

9  Kipling  is  a  celebrated  author. 

10  He  was  notorious  for  his  bad  actions. 

11  We  are  choTced  by  food;    suffocated  by  foul  air;   smothered  by 

being  forcibly  excluded  from  the  air. 

12  We  are  surprised  at  what  was  unexpected.     We  are  astonished. 

at  what  was  above  our  comprehension.  The  singular  surprises, 
the  marvelous  astonishes.  Cleverness  surprises,  genius  aston- 
ishes. 

71 


THIRTY-THIRD    LESSON—  Discriminated  Words 

differ 

<ttf'-fer 

Differ  is  employed  of  personal  mat- 

ters of  minor  consequence. 

dispute 

dls-put' 

Dispute  is  a  difference  more  or  less 

strong  kept  within  the  bounds  of 

argument. 

quarrel 

kwor'-rel 

An  angry  dispute  ;   brawl  ;   affray. 

obstacle 

ob'-sta-k'l 

The  obstacle  is  something  before  you, 

which  stops  your  progress. 

impediment 

Im-pSd'-I-ment 

The  impediment  is  here  and  there, 

around  and  about  you,  to  detain 

you  in  your  movements. 

oblige 

6-bllj' 

To  constrain  by  moral  inducement; 

to  place  under  an  obligation  or 

necessity. 

bound 

bound 

Morally    or   legally   constrained   or 

compelled. 

discreet 

dls-kret' 

Discreet  involves  the  natural  apti- 

tude to  discern  between  good  and 

evil,  truth  and  falsehood. 

prudent 

prij'-dent 

Prudence  prompts  to  the  desirable 

if  it  be  safe. 

faded 

fad'-ed 

Having  lost  color  or  vigor. 

withered 

wlth'-erd 

Faded;   dried  up;   decayed. 

choose 

choos 

To  make  choice  of. 

prefer 
impracticable 

pre-fer'        [b'l 
Im-prak'-tl-ka- 

To  esteem  above  others. 
Not  in  existing  circumstances  possi- 

ble. 

impossible 
libel 

Im-pos'-sl-b'l 
H'-bel 

Not  in  nature  possible. 
Anything  tending  to  lessen,  degrade, 

or  asperse  character  or  reputation 

or  to  bring  into  disrepute. 

defamation 

def'-a-ma-'shun 

Malicious  and  groundless  injury  done 

or  attempted  to  be  done  to  the  rep- 

utation or  good  name  of  another. 

detained 

d£-tand' 

Held  back  or  restrained  from  pro- 

ceeding ;    stayed  ;    stopped. 

hindered 

hln'-derd 

Kept    from    or    delayed    in    action, 

progress,  motion  or  growth. 

apprehend 

ap-pre-hend' 

Apprehend  is  literally  to  lay  hold  of 

by  the  mind. 

comprehend 

k6m-pre-hgnd' 

To    comprehend    is    to    embrace    a 

thing  in  all  its  extent. 

join 

join 

To  join  is  to  put  things  into  perma- 

nent contact. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :   extent,  large,  maintain,  discernment 

72 


unite 
remunerate 

compensate 


u-nit' 
re-mu'-ner-at 

kom'-pen-sat 


To  unite  is  to  join  things  in  such 
fashion  that  they  may  be  one. 

Remuneration  is  commonly  taken  in 
the  sense  of  compensation  for  per- 
sonal services  done. 

To  compensate  is  to  furnish  an 
equivalent  for  anything  lost  or 
parted  with  by  another. 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  We  differ  about  a  matter;    we  dispute  about  it  after  differing; 

we  quarrel  after  the  dispute. 

2  An  impediment  is  vexatious.    An  obstacle  may  even  provoke  to 

courage  and  additional  effort. 

3  We  are  obliged  by  necessity.    We  are  bound  by  obligation. 

4  The  prudent  man  prepares  for  what  is  coming ;   the  discreet  man 

judges  of  present  affairs. 

5  The  faded  may  be  revived.    The  withered  cannot  revive. 

S     We  choose  one  from  a  number ;    we  prefer  one  to  another. 

7  That  which  is  impracticable  is  theoretically  possible,  but  cannot 

be  done  under  existing  conditions.     That  which  is  impossible 
cannot  be  done  at  all. 

8  Libel  is  slander  written  or  published;    defamation  is  slander 

spoken. 

9  We  are  detained  by  waiting  for  something ;   we  are  hindered  by 

the  badness  of  the  roads. 

10  I  apprehend  a  thing  when  it  is  brought  into  direct  relation  to  my 

own  mind;    I  comprehend  a  thing  when  I  know  all  about  it. 

11  When  two  streams  join  they  become  united  into  one.    Men  unite 

in  esteem ;    they  may  join  in  battle. 

12  We  remunerate  for  services  received ;   we  compensate  for  injury 

or  loss. 


73 


THIRTY-FOURTH  LESSON—  Discriminated  Words 

return 

re-ttirn' 

To  cause  to  take  again  a  former  po- 

sition ;   to  repay  in  kind. 

restore 

r^-stor' 

To  cause  to  assume  a  former  condi- 

tion;  to  repair. 

surrender 

sur-r6n'-der 

To  yield    possession  of    to  another 

upon  compulsion  or  demand. 

ability 

a-bll'-I-ty 

Power    of    applying    knowledge    to 

practical  purposes. 

capacity 

ka-pas'-I-ty 

Power  of  receiving  knowledge. 

discover 

dls-kuv'-er 

To  find  out  ;  disclose  ;  reveal  ;  detect. 

invent 

In-v6nt' 

To  contrive  ;   to  devise  ;   contrivance 

of  that  which  did  not  exist  before. 

specimen 

spes'-I-men 

A  specimen  is  a  representative  of  the 

class  of  thing  to  which  it  belongs. 

sample 

sam'-p'l 

A  sample  is  a  part  of  the  thing  itself. 

adjoining 

ad-join'-Ing 

In  contact  with. 

adjacent 

ad-ja'-sent 

Near. 

liable 

H'-a-b'l 

Do  not  say  "  It  is  liable  to  rain,"  for 

likely 

Kk'-ly 

"  It  is  likely  to  rain." 

obsolete 

6b'-so-let 

Gone  out  of  use. 

extinct 

eks-tlnkt' 

Not  now  existing. 

temperance 

tem'-per-ans 

Moderation. 

abstinence 

ab'-stl-nens 

Doing  entirely  without. 

benevolence 

be-neV-6-lens 

The  desire  to  do  good. 

beneficence 

be-n6f'-I-sens 

Active  goodness. 

tacit 

tas'-It 

Implied,  but  not  expressed  in  words. 

Tacit  is  employed  of  things  abstract. 

silent 

si'-lent 

Silent   characterizes   either  persons 

or  things. 

transpire 
happen 

tran-spir' 
Mp'Vn 

Does   not  mean  to  happen,   but  to 
escape  from  secrecy,  to  leak  out. 

character 

kar'-ak-ter 

What  one  really  is. 

reputation 

rSp'-u-ta'-shun 

What  others  think  him  to  be. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :  invoice,  authentic,  abolish,  profession 

74 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  We  return  what  was  borrowed  or  lent;    we  restore  what  was 

taken  or  given;   we  surrender  what  is  ours  by  right. 

2  His  capacity  for  acquiring  knowledge  was  phenomenal,  but  he 

was  singularly  lacking  in  ability  to  apply  it. 

3  Newton  discovered  the  law  of  gravitation;    Edison  invented  a 

method  of  applying  that  law  to  the  crushing  of  iron  ore. 

4  Specimen  pages  of  the  book  have  been  carefully  examined,  and 

we  should  now  like  to  see  samples  of  the  proposed  binding. 

5  The  lots  are  adjoining,  but  the  houses  on  them  are  only  adjacent. 

6  We  are  liable  for  our  debts ;   we  are  likely  to  make  friends  if  we 

are  truthful,  honest,  ambitious,  and  thoughtful. 

7  Obsolete  is  applied  chiefly  to  terms,  documents,  customs,  and  ob- 

servances, and  is  never  used  of  persons.  Volcanoes,  races  of 
people,  and  animals  may  become  extinct. 

8  Some  are  compelled  to  take  refuge  in  abstinence,  feeling  their 

inability  to  be  temperate. 

9  Self-denial  does  not  belong  to  beneficence,  because  the  beneficent 

is  above  the  condition  of  suffering  from  a  diminution  of  what 
he  possesses  when  he  bestows  upon  others.  The  benevolent  man 
may  want  the  means  of  being  liberal  in  matters  of  money  or 
gifts,  but  he  will  naturally  give  when  he  can  and  according  to 
his  means,  from  a  disposition  to  wish  well  to  others. 

10  Friendship,    when   strict,    comprehends   a   tacit   agreement   and 

covenant  between  those  who  enter  into  it,  to  look  upon  the 
concerns  of  each  other  in  a  great  measure  as  their  own.  "  How 
silent  is  this  town !  " 

11  The  verb  transpire  formerly  conveyed  very  expressively  its  cor- 

rect meaning,  namely,  to  become  known  .  through  unnoticed 
channels — to  exhale,  as  it  were,  into  publicity  through  invisible 
pores,  like  a  vapor  or  gas  disengaging  itself.  A  practice  has 
commenced  of  employing  this  word  as  a  mere  synonym  of  hap- 
pen. Such  use  of  the  word  is  condemned  by  the  best  writers. 

12  Character  is  borne,  reputation  acquired,  credit  given.     Reputa- 

tion is  more  than  ordinary ;  character  and  credit  belong  to 
ordinary  deeds,  conduct,  and  persons. 

75 


THIRTY-FIFTH  LESSON-Review  and  General  Exercise 

obligation 

relapse 

applaud 

impracticable 

honor 

horticulture 

miracle 

remuneration 

splendid 

mortgage 

monotonous 

inconvenience 

celebrated 

voucher 

supersede 

dollar 

[tional 

surprised 

jobber 

incessant 

unconstitu- 

differ 

wreckage 

prejudice 

unscrupulous 

quarrel 

occurrences 

suspicious 

circumference 

alliance 

thankful 

mercantile 

accomplished 

obstacle 

cocoa 

rivalry 

incorporation 

discernment 

punctuation 

precipice 

consolidated 

choose 

frigid 

leisure 

unmanageable 

apprehend 

install 

intentions 

perpendicular 

remunerate 

frustrate 

patronage 

vicious 

surrender 

commute 

outstanding 

degraded 

sympathize 

inventor 

information 

benefit 

renowned 

cabinet 

bureau 

cosmetic 

reciprocal 

rescind 

positively 

aggrieve 

tacit 

citizen 

admittance 

merchandise 

reputation 

delinquent 

grammar 

exorbitant 

comprehend 

competition 

auspices 

punctual 

agreement 

beginner 

disturb 

spindle 

pretense 

impel 

customary 

collectible 

colleague 

sophomore 

unglazed 

peculiarities 

specimen 

analyses 

signal 

predecessor 

beneficence 

precious 

coincide 

century 

76 


CHAPTER  VIII 


"  npHERE  is  a  fascination  in  the  mere  sound  of 
•*•  articulated  breath;  of  consonants  that  resist 
with  the  firmness  of  a  maid  of  honor,  or  half  or 
wholly  yield  to  the  wooing  lips;  of  vowels  that 
flow  and  murmur,  each  after  its  kind;  the  peremp- 
tory b  and  />,  the  brittle  k,  the  vibrating  r,  the  insinu- 
ating s,  the  feathery  /,  the  velvety  v,  the  bell-voiced 
m,  the  tranquil  broad  a,  the  penetrating  e,  the  cooing 
u,  the  emotional  o,  and  the  beautiful  combinations 
of  alternate  rock  and  stream,  as  it  were,  that  they 
give  to  the  rippling  flow  of  speech — there  is  a  fas- 
cination in  the  skillful  handling  of  these,  which  the 
great  poets  and  even  prose-writers  have  not  dis- 
dained to  acknowledge  and  use  to  recommend  their 
thought."— Holmes. 


,77 


THIRTY-SIXTH   LESSO N— Possessive  Forms 

RULE:  The  possessive  singular  of  nouns  is  formed  by  adding  an 
apostrophe  and  an  s  to  the  nominative. 

Write  the  possessive  singular  of  the  following: 

child  Alice  history  box 

lass  woman  letter  watch 

guide  James  hero  postman 

night  Frances  tourist  girl 

lady  minister  fortune  man 

year  month  day  season 

RULE  :  The  possessive  of  plural  nouns  is  formed  by  adding  an 
apostrophe  to  the  nominative  plural  if  it  ends  in  s ;  if  the  nomina- 
tive plural  does  not  end  in  s,  add  an  apostrophe  and  an  s.  In  proper 
names  ending  in  s,  the  authorities  favor  adding  the  apostrophe  and 
s.  For  example:  James's  aunt. 

Write  the  possessive  plural  of  the  following: 

attorney  house  man  colony 

witness  robber  boy  cavern 

student  lady  woman  dwarf 

mechanic  mouse  chief  pupil 

stationer  chimney  girl  railway 

mother  child  lawyer  season 

month  day  year  manufacturer 

THE    WORDS    A  P  P  L I  E  D— Dictation  Exercise 

The  members  of  the  Mothers'  Club  were  entertained  by  the  presi- 
dent. Stationers'  supplies  were  manufactured  there.  The  department 
store  advertised  men's,  women's,  boys'  and  girls'  clothing,  at  prices 
lower  than  they  had  been  before  in  many  years.  The  students  met 
at  the  mechanics'  pavilion.  He  found  the  lady's  handbag  containing 
a  pair  of  ladies'  gloves.  Frances's  interpretation  of  the  minister's 
poem  was  very  clever.  The  hero's  grave  was  pointed  out  to  the 
party  of  tourists.  The  colonies'  defection  brought  on  the  war.  A 
year's  work  in  a  girls'  school  will  be  the  best  for  her.  James's  watch 
was  used  as  a  compass  by  the  guides.  Alice's  return  is  looked  for 
within  ten  days'  time.  The  witnesses'  actions  on  the  witness  stand 
should  be  carefully  observed  by  the  jury.  A  month's  time  was  needed 
to  deliver  the  packages.  A  three  days'  trip  was  made  to  New  York 
by  Mr.  Morris's  aunt. 

78 


THIRTY-SEVENTH  LESSON-How  Plurals  are  Formed 


RULE  :    The  plurals  of  nouns  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  consonant 
are  formed  by  changing  y  into  i  and  adding  es  to  the  singular. 

Form  the  plurals  of  the  following : 

variety  authority  necessity  courtesy 

melody  auxiliary  society  quantity 

discovery  prodigy  luxury  security 

ecstasy  destiny  cruelty  inaccuracy 

prophecy  company  mystery  incapacity 

monopoly  treasury  tragedy  story 

RULE  :     The  plurals  of  nouns  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  vowel  are 
formed  by  adding  s  to  the  singular. 

Form  the  plurals  of  the  following : 

pulley  Thursday  essay  attorney 

affray  money  donkey  parley 

covey  assay  galley  jockey 

holiday  alloy  relay  pathway 

chimney  envoy  abbey  roundelay 

stairway  decoy  journey  survey 


THE     WORDS     A  P  P  L I  E  D— Dictation  Exercise 


Many  things  that  were  formerly  counted  as  luxuries  are  now 
considered  among  the  necessities  of  life.  She  went  into  ecstasies  over 
the  beauty  of  the  melodies.  The  varieties  in  the  monopolies,  and 
their  frequent  financial  cruelties,  were  among  the  discoveries  of  the 
authorities.  The  inaccuracies  in  the  statements  of  these  societies,  as 
to  the  amounts  in  their  treasuries,  are  astonishing.  The  mysteries 
and  tragedies  of  life  form  the  themes  of  many  brilliant  essays. 
These  companies  and  their  auxiliaries  were  subjected  to  the  close 
scrutiny  of  the  examiners.  Men  are  masters  of  their  destinies.  Many 
of  the  prodigies  of  history  were  short-lived.  The  court  reprimanded 
the  attorneys  for  their  long  parleys.  Surveys  were  made  of  the 
grounds  around  the  abbeys.  In  their  journeys  the  envoys  sometimes 
rode  donkeys.  His  essays  on  the  assays  of  moneys  and  their  alloys 
were  read  with  interest.  Decoys  were  used  to  lure  the  convoys.  The 
jockeys  on  holidays  engage  in  many  affrays. 

79 


THIRTY-EIGHTH  L E S S O N-Forming  Plurals 


RULE  :    The  plural  of  most  nouns  ending  in  o  is  formed  by  adding 
s  to  the  singular: 


altos  quartos  palmettos  contraltos 

studios  folios  cameos  embryos 

pianos  sopranos  bassos  tobaccos 

solos  mementos  ratios  porticos 

provisos  tyros  stilettos  frescos 

intaglios  halos  dittos  imbroglios 

RULE  :    The  plural  of  some  nouns  ending  in  o  is  formed  by  adding 
es  to  the  singular: 


potatoes  torpedoes  manifestoes  grottoes 

vetoes  tornadoes  mosquitoes  dadoes 

embargoes  buffaloes  desperadoes  mangoes 

cargoes  calicoes  mottoes  volcanoes 

negroes  echoes  tomatoes  innuendoes 

aloes  bilboes  porticoes  stuccoes 


THE    WORDS     APPLIE  D— Dictation  Exercise 


The  pianos  in  the  studios  were  often  used  to  accompany  the 
sopranos.  The  cargoes  were  made  up  of  potatoes,  calicoes,  tobaccos, 
tomatoes,  and  mangoes,  and  were  unloaded  by  negroes.  Cameos  are 
the  exact  opposites  of  intaglios.  The  solos  of  the  bassos  were  re- 
peated in  the  echoes.  Desperadoes,  armed  with  stilettos,  were  en- 
gaged in  noisy  imbroglios.  Splendid  -frescos  adorned  the  dadoes  on 
the  porticos.  Many  innuendoes  were  obscured  in  the  provisos  of  the 
manifestoes.  Both  tornadoes  and  volcanoes  strike  terror  to  the  hearts 
of  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries.  Embargoes  were  placed  on 
torpedoes.  -Mementos  and  mottoes  were  included  in  the  collection. 
Buffaloes  in  America  are  very  scarce.  The  relays  were  run  on 
Thursdays.  Both  the  chimneys  and  the  stairways  have  been  com- 
pleted. The  securities  were  produced  in  quantities. 


Form  plurals :    medley,  railway,  parody,  mercy. 

80 


THIRTY-NINTH    L  E  S  S  O  N-Forming   Plurals 

RULE  :     The  plural  of  most  nouns  ending  in  /  or  fe  is  formed  by 
adding  s  to  the  singular : 


puffs  gulfs  waifs  clefs 

sheriffs  beliefs  cliffs  staffs 

giraffes  briefs  skiffs  cuffs 

strifes  proofs  bluffs  hoofs 

plaintiffs  roofs  muffs  chefs 

dwarfs  stuffs  bailiffs  handkerchiefs 


Some  nouns   ending  in  /  or  fe,   however,   form   their   plural   by 
changing  /  or  fe  into  v  and  adding  es  to  the  singular : 


Sing.  Plur.  Sing.  Plur. 

wife  wives  shelf  shelves 

thief  thieves  wolf  wolves 

knife  knives  life  lives 

half  halves  wharf  wharves 

beef  beeves  calf  calves 

elf  elves  leaf  leaves 

loaf  loaves  sheaf  sheaves 


THE    WORDS    A  P  P  L  I  E  D— Dictation  Exercise 


Puffs  of  wind  from  the  cliffs  made  the  flight  of  the  aeroplanes 
perilous.  The  wives  of  the  thieves  were  left  on  the  wharves;  the 
grief  of  the  thieves  was  real.  Glue  was  made  from  the  hoofs  of  the 
calves  and  the  beeves.  Dye  stuffs  formed  the  larger  part  of  the 
cargo,  which  consisted  also  of  muffs,  cuffs,  and  knives.  Proofs  of  the 
strifes  could  not  be  produced.  The  competition  between  the  chefs 
resulted  in  some  wonderful  dishes.  Briefs  were  prepared  for  both 
plaintiffs  and  defendants.  The  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  the  largest  of  the 
gulfs.  The  various  staffs  of  the  army  were  called  into  consultation. 
Proofs  of  collusion  between  the  sheriffs  was  found.  The  queer  beliefs 
of  the  waifs  were  caused  by  the  severity  of  their  lives. 


Form  plurals :     lady,  comedy,   agency,  legacy. 

81 


FORTIETH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

abbreviate 

indelible 

description 

imperative 

initial 

blamable 

equally 

women's 

fulfill 

prophecies 

fascinate 

incessant 

abstinence 

breadth 

manufacturers 

cylinder 

ladies' 

guarantee 

balancing 

incredible 

convenience 

luxuries 

fictitious 

brilliancy 

adaptation 

casual 

ratios 

girls' 

lady's 

attorneys 

allegiance 

individual 

anguish 

carrying 

forfeiture 

boy's 

witnesses' 

horizon 

liquefy 

inheritance 

anticipate 

lavish 

child's 

moneys 

irreparable 

civilize 

function 

innocence 

apparatus 

pulleys 

irascible 

aggregate 

tobaccos 

collegiate 

grievance 

insensible 

eligible 

comparative 

auxiliaries 

ecstasies 

appreciate 

mosquitoes 

essays 

beliefs 

lineal 

compelling 

government 

necessities 

initiate 

immediate 

holiday 

labeling 

athlete 

conscience 

circulation 

holidays 

experience 

surveys 

hypnotize 

languish 

auditor 

debit 

idealize 

absorption 

insignificant 

implicit 

coerce 

library 

believe 

dependent 

ignoble 

architecture 

essential 

tragedies 

treasuries 

lieutenant 

benefited 

incorrigible 

illusion 

hysterical 

82 


CHAPTER    IX 


WORDS  OF  OPPOSITE  MEANING 

QYNONYMS  and  antonyms  are  especially  adapted 
O  to  oral  recitation.  The  teacher  may  stimulate 
competition  by  asking  for  original  oral  sentences 
giving  both  the  word  under  discussion,  and  its  oppo- 
site. This  will  necessarily  call  for  advance  prepara- 
tion by  the  student,  which  will  be  a  valuable  aid  in 
inducing  frequent  consultation  of  the  dictionary. 
One  day  may  be  devoted  to  spelling,  pronunciation 
and  definitions  of  the  words,  and  another  to  sentence 
work.  The  teacher  will  have  wide  opportunity  for 
talks  on  the  discrimination  in  the  use  of  words  while 
on  this  section. 

"  Words  Often  Mispronounced "  are  introduced 
to  stimulate  interest  in  pronunciation,  and  to  sup- 
plement the  dictionary  work  already  given.  The 
student  must  consult  the  dictionary  to  get  the  cor- 
rect pronunciation,  and  should  be  required  to  make 
up  a  list  of  the  words  in  the  day's  lesson,  mark  them 
diacritically,  and  show  the  accent.  The  recitation 
will  necessarily  be  given  orally. 


83 


FORTY-FIRST  LESSON—  Words  of  Opposite  Meaning 

The  Word 

The  Antonym 

The  Word 

The  Antonym 

ability 

weakness 

calculate 

conjecture 

abundance 

scarcity 

positive 

uncertain 

busy 

idle 

intercept 

despatch 

acknowledge 

disclaim 

introductory 

conclusive 

include 

exclude 

seldom 

often 

adopt 

reject 

consecutive 

disordered 

inhale 

exhale 

create 

destroy 

advertise 

suppress 

consequence 

insignificance 

abstract 

concrete 

within 

without 

arouse 

aUay 

consolidate 

disintegrate 

fearful 

fearless 

collect 

scatter 

attention 

disregard 

obtuse 

acute 

ruddy 

pallid 

extend 

contract 

before 

after 

concave 

convex 

either 

neither 

familiar 

uncommon 

belief 

dissent 

natural 

artificial 

inward 

outward 

feeble 

robust 

depth 

surface 

barren 

fertile 

export 

import 

frugal 

extravagant 

brevity 

extension 

persuade 

dissuade 

minor 

major 

pertinent 

unrelated 

brilliant 

dull 

interior 

exterior 

ingenuous 

reserved 

declare 

contradict 

casual 

regular 

capricious 

inflexible 

liquid 

solid 

fixed 

changeable 

Antonyms  to 

be  applied  :    suspend,  support,  established,  victory 

84 


FORTY-SECOND  LESSON—  Words  of 

Opposite  Meaning 

The  Word 

The  Antonym 

The  Word 

The  Antonym 

indispensable 

unnecessary 

perfect 

defective 

advance 

recede 

physical 

mental 

censure 

praise 

politic 

unwise 

instinct 

reason 

superior 

inferior 

charitable 

unkind 

definite 

vague 

intricate 

simple 

previous 

subsequent 

effect 

cause 

probable 

unlikely 

jovial 

gloomy 

lavish 

sparing 

justify 

condemn 

public 

secret 

youthful 

mature 

quaint 

commonplace 

knowledge 

ignorance 

worldly 

spiritual 

hidden 

exposed 

real 

fictitious 

loose 

fastened 

worthless 

costly 

lucid 

obscure 

commend 

disapprove 

false 

true 

satisfaction 

discontent 

noble 

mean 

reduce 

enlarge 

merit 

worthlessness 

radical 

conservative 

treacherous 

sincere 

refute 

confirm 

servile 

independent 

liberate 

confine 

lenient 

harsh 

surrender 

withhold 

laborer 

employer 

remote 

close 

monopoly 

competition 

mortal 

divine 

oppose 

support 

hinder 

advance 

order 

confusion 

scant 

ample 

local 

universal               restore 

remove 

Antonyms  to  be  applied  :    profuse,  project,  guide,  economize 

85 


FORTY-THIRD  LESSON—  Words  Often  Mispronounced 

acclimate 

caricature 

courteous 

epitome 

acoustics 

cassimere 

courtesy 

equanimity 

admirable 

casualty 

credence 

executor 

aeronaut 

chastisement 

culinary 

exemplary 

aeroplane 

chauffeur 

cursed 

exhilarate 

aged 

chirography 

debris 

exorbitant 

agriculturist 

circuitous 

decade 

extant 

alias 

cognizance 

decadence 

extraordinary 

almond 

cognizant 

deficit 

exuberant 

altercate 

colleague 

demonstrative 

facetious 

alternate 

combatant 

denunciate 

facsimile 

amenable 
apparatus 

commensur- 
[able 
comparable 

depot 
derelict 

February 
finale 

appendicitis 

complaisance 

despicable 

finance 

apricot 

comptroller 

desultory 

financier 

architect 

confiscate 

disputant 

formidable 

arctic 

connoisseur 

docile 

gaseous 

asparagus 

consummate 

ductile 

glycerine 

aspirant 

contrary 

economical 

government 

asphalt 

controversy 

elite 

granary 

authoritative 

contumely 

enervate 

gratis 

auxiliary 

conversant 

enunciate 

gratuitous 

avoirdupois 

coterie 

envelope 

guardian 

bronchitis 

coupon 

epicurean 

harassed 

buoyancy 

courier 

epistle 

heinous 

Consult  the  dictionary  for  pronunciation 

FORTY-FOURTH    LESSON—  Words  Often  Mispronounced 

heroine 

irrevocable 

pedestal 

romance 

heroism 

juvenile 

patronize 

roseate 

holocaust 

laboratory 

peremptory 

routine 

homage 

lamentable 

placable 

sagacious 

homogeneous 

learned 

placard 

satiate 

horizon 

long-lived 

plagiarism 

simultaneous 

hostile 

ludicrous 

plebeian 

sinecure 

ignoramus 

magazine 

precedence 

sleek 

illustrate 

maintenance 

preferable 

squalid 

illustrated 

maritime 

profile 

squalor 

illustrative 

medicinal 

projectile 

status 

implacable 

medieval 

prote'ge' 

stupendous 

indubitable 

mensurable 

pumice 

strata 

incomparable 

mischievous 

recipe 

suavity 

increment 

monarchical 

reconnois- 

subtle 

[sance 

indefatigable 

naive 

refutable 

suffice 

indisputable 

nausea 

reparable 

tapestry 

indissolubly 

neuralgia 

repartee 

tenacious 

inexplicable 

obduracy 

reputable 

tepid 

inquiry 

paltry 

respirable 

tremendous 

integral 

pantomime 

respite 

trespass 

interested 

patriot 

restaurant 

vehement 

interesting 

patron 

revocable 

versatile 

irrefutable 

patronage 

ribald 

vindictive 

irreparable 

pecuniary 

robust 

zoology 

Consult  the  dictionary  for  pronunciation 

87 


FORTY-.  FIFTH     T   FSSON  Review  and  General   Exercise.     Words 
r^IXl    I-Fir  iO    L,H,OO^iN                       Often  Mispronounced. 

scientific 

admirably 

egotism 

ordeal 

scrutinize 

advertisement 

exigency 

partiality 

retrieve 

aristocrat 

explicable 

precedent 

reversion 

audacious 

exquisite 

predecessor 

progressive 

bade 

fidelity 

prestige 

racial 

cemetery 

fiduciary 

pretense 

definite 

civilization 

genial 

process 

physique 

cleanly 

genuine 

purport 

skillful 

coadjutor 

gigantic 

referable 

sphere 

column 

grievous 

research 

remonstrate 

comely 

grimace 

resource 

repetition 

compromise 

hospitable 

rinse 

preparation 

concentrate 

hygienic 

series 

offense 

construe 

hypocrisy 

slough 

omniscient 

contrast 

importune 

strategic 

capricious 

courteous 

inaugurate 

surprise 

ostracize 

decisive 

inexorable 

therefore 

pretentious 

decorous 

irremediable 

unlearned 

reiterate 

demonstrate 

isolate 

usurp 

serviceable 

deaf 

leisure 

valuable 

perilous 

details 

lethargic 

vanquish 

prejudice 

diphtheria 

lieutenant 

vehemence 

sacrifice 

direct 

negligee 

veracious 

permeable 

discrepancy 

occult 

vindicatory 

cessation 

domicile 

opponent 

vivacious 

88 


CHAPTER  X 


your  faith  in  all  beautiful  things;  in  the 
sun  when  it  is  hidden;  in  the  spring  when  it  is 
gone.  .  .  .  And  then  you  will  find  that  Duty  and 
Service  and  Sacrifice — all  the  old  ogres  and  bug- 
bears of  life — have  joys  imprisoned  in  their  deepest 
dungeons!  And  it  is  for  you  to  set  them  free — the 
immortal  joys  that  no  one — no  living  soul,  or  fate, 
or  circumstance — can  rob  you  of,  once  you  have 
released  them. — Roy  Rolfe  Gilson. 


89 


FORTY-SIXTH  LESSON-  Words  used  in  Law 

abscond 

ab-sk6nd' 

To  steal  away  to  avoid  a  legal 

attorney 

at-tfir'-ny 

process. 
One  who  is  legally  appointed  by 

another    to    transact    business 

for  him. 

cross-question 

kr6s'-kw6s'-chun 

To    cross-examine;     to    question 

intestate 

In-tes'-tat 

minutely  or  repeatedly. 
Without  a  will. 

litigate 

Ht'-I-gat 

To  contest  in  law. 

technicality 

tek-nl-kal'-l-ty 

That   which   is  peculiar   to   any 

profession. 

accessory 

ak-s6s'-s6-ry 

Accompanying  ;      aiding      crime, 

though  not  present  at  the  per- 

petration. 

code 

kod 

A  collection  of  laws. 

document 

d6k'-u-m6nt 

A  legal  paper,  written  to  furnish 

evidence  or  proof. 

invalid 

In-vai'-Id 

Void;    of  no  force. 

probate 

pro'-bat 

Proof  of  wills,  etc. 

testament 

tSs'-ta-ment 

A  will. 

acquittal 

ak-kwlt'-tal 

Formal  release  from  a  charge. 

libel 

li'-bfil 

To  defame. 

ratable 

rat'-a-b'l 

Liable  to  taxation. 

testimony 

t£s'-tl-m6-ny 

Evidence;   proof. 

adjure 

ad-jur' 

To    charge,    bind,    or    command 

earnestly. 

license 

li'-s£ns 

A    written    document    by    which 

permission  is  granted. 

venue 

vSn'-u 

Place  of  trial;    neighborhood. 

advocate 

ad'-vo-kat 

One  who  pleads  for  another. 

verdict 

vtir'-dlkt 

Judgment  ;    decision. 

affidavit 

af'-fl-da'-vlt 

A  written  declaration  upon  oath. 

veto 

ve'-to 

An  authoritative  prohibition. 

alibi 

ai'-I-bi 

A  plea  of  having  been  in  another 

place  at  the  time  an  offense  is 

alleged  to  have  been  committed. 

alimony 

al'-I-m6-ny 

A  separate  maintenance. 

Words  to  be  applied:    absolve,  adequate,  administrator,  acknowledge 

THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  He  must,  for  reasons  which  nobody  could  define,  have  absconded" 

2  "  An  attorney  may  have  general  powers  to  act  for  another,  or  his 

power  may  be  special." 

3  The  witness  was  then  subjected  to  a  rigid  cross-questioning. 

4  To  die  intestate  is  to  leave  property  at  the  mercy  of  lawyers. 

5  The  effect  of  this  ruling  will  be  to  provoke  endless  litigation. 

6  The  culprit  was  freed  on  a  mere  technicality. 

7  An  accomplice  is  usually  a  principal ;    an  accessory,  never. 

8  "  The  business  of  the  world  could  not  be  carried  forward  one  day 

without  a  most  complete  code  of  customs." 

9  Every  document  in  connection  with  this  case  must  be  produced. 

10  The  contract  was  declared  invalid  by  the  eminent  counsel. 

11  In  strictness,  a  testament  differs  from  a  will  in  that  it  bequeaths 

personal  property  only ;   but  the  words  are  commonly  used  in- 
terchangeably.    The  will  was  immediately  probated. 

12  His   influential   friends  were  instrumental  in   securing  his   ac- 

quittal. 

13  Libel  is   defined  in   law   as   the   crime   of  issuing   a   malicious 

defamatory  publication. 

14  This  property  is  not  ratable. 

15  Testimony  is  the  evidence  of  one;    evidence  may  comprehend 

the  testimony  of  many. 

16  "  Joshua  adjured  them  at  that  time,  saying,  '  Cursed  be  the  man 

before   the   Lord,   that   riseth   up   and   buildeth   this   city   of 
Jericho.'  " 

17  "  Liberty  sometimes  runs  to  license,  not  because  it  is  bad  in  itself, 

but  because  human  passion  perverts  its  principle." 

18  The  defendant,  through  counsel,  immediately  asked  for  a  change 

of  venue. 

19  We  defend  persons,  plead  for  their  necessities,  advocate  their 

cause. 

20  The  verdict  was  universally  denounced. 

21  "  Affidavits  are  usually  required  when  evidence  is  to  be  laid  before 

a  judge  or  court." 

22  It  was  a  foregone  conclusion  that  the  governor  would  veto  the 

measure. 

23  The  prisoner  cannot  prove  an  alibi. 

24  The  defendant  was  allowed  $100  a  week  alimony. 

91 


FORTY-SEVENTH  LESSON-Words  used  in  Law 

executrix 

eks-ek'-u-trlks 

A  female  executor. 

guardian 

gard'-I-an 

One  in  charge  of  the  person  or  property 

of  a  minor. 

iUegal 

Il-le'-g'l 

Not  lawful. 

justice 

jus'-tls 

Merited  reward  or  punishment. 

lenient 

le'-nl-ent 

Acting  without  severity;    merciful. 

judgment 

juj'-mSnt 

Decision  of  a  court. 

inherit 

m-her'-It 

To  receive  by  birth. 

nullify 

nulMl-fi 

To  deprive  of  legal  force  ;  to  make  void. 

lien 

len 

A  legal  claim. 

deponent 

de-po'-nent 

One  who  gives  written  testimony  to  be 

used  in  court. 

notary 

no'-ta-ry 

An  officer  who  certifies  deeds,  etc. 

plaintiff 

plan'-tif 

The  person  who  commences  a  suit. 

injustice 

In-  jus'-tls 

Violation  of  the  rights  of  a  person. 

expiate 

eks'-pl-at 

To  atone  for. 

bailable 

bal'-a-b'l 

Capable  of  being  set  free  after  arrest, 

by  giving  a  bond. 

client 

kli'-ent 

One  who  receives  advice  from  a  lawyer, 

on  a  question  of  law. 

arbitrary 

ar'-bl-tra-ry 

Absolute  in  power;    despotic. 

defendant 

de--f6nd'-ant 

The  accused  person  ;    one  who  opposes 

a  complaint. 

penalty 

pen'-'l-ty 

Punishment  for  crime  or  offense. 

mortgage 

mor'-gej 

A  conveyance  of  property  as  security 

for  debt. 

fiat 

fi'-ifc 

A  decree. 

certificate 

ser-ttf'-I-kat 

A  declaration  in  writing. 

amenable 

a-me-na-b'l 

Tractable  ;    responsible. 

appraisal 

ap-praz'-al 

A  valuation  of  property  by  an  authority. 

legatee 

l£g-a-te' 

A   person    to    whom    a    legacy    is    be- 

queathed. 

Words  to  be  applied:    corroborate,  claimant,  judicial,  legacy 

92 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  news  that  she  had  been  appointed  executrix  of  the  estate 

was  received  with  disfavor  by  the  other  heirs. 

2  "  The  guardian,  with  us,  performs  the  office  of  both  the  tutor  and 

curator  of  the  Roman  laws." 

3  Such  restraint  of  trade  is  considered  illegal  by  high  authorities. 

4  Justice  is  the  giving  to  every  person  exactly  what  he  deserves. 

5  "  A  critic  should  be  lenient  when  considering  speculations  of  this 

nature." 

6  Judgment  has  been  entered  against  the  defendant. 

7  "  The  rich  man's  son  inherits  lands,  and  piles  of  brick,  and  stone, 

and  gold." 

8  The  effect  of  this  contraction  in  the  two  clauses  is  to  nullify  the 

force  of  the  whole  act. 

9  This  charge  is  a  lien  upon  the  property. 

10  The  deponent  was  detected  in  contradicting  himself. 

11  This  paper  must  be  acknowledged  before  a  notary  public. 

12  The  plaintiff  in  this  case  is  a  well-known  business  man. 

13  He  felt  that  great  injustice  had  been  done  him. 

14  "  Italy  has  expiated  with  centuries  of  slavery  the  crime  of  having 

conquered  the  world." 

15  All  crimes  are  bailable  except  treason  and  murder. 

16  "  Advocates  must  deal  plainly  with  their  clients." 

17  "  Arbitrary  governments  may  have  territory  and  distant  posses- 

sions, because  arbitrary  governments  may  rule  them  by  dif- 
ferent laws  and  different  systems." 

18  "  A  defendant  is  one  who  is  summoned  into  court,  that  he  may 

have  opportunity  to  defend,  deny,  or  oppose  the  demand  or 
charge,  and  maintain  his  own  right." 

19  The  judge  is  sure  to  inflict  the  extreme  penalty. 

20  The  mortgage  had  never  been  properly  released. 

21  Without  precedent,  and  in  the  face  of  the  flat  of  the  court,  they 

went  ahead. 

22  A  certificate  of  incorporation  has  been  filed  with  the  Secretary 

of  State. 

23  "  He  is  the  most  friendly  and  amenable  creature  in  existence." 

24  The  appraisal  of  the  property  was  considered  just  and  proper. 

25  "  No !   Mammon  makes  the  world  his  legatee  through  fear,  not  love." 

93 


FORTY-EIGHTH  LESSON—  Words  used  in  Law 

voucher 

vouch'-er 

A  receipt  or  other  written  evidence 

of  the  payment  of  money. 

signature 

slg'-na-tur 

One's  name  written  by  his  own  hand. 

tribunal 

tri-bu'-nal 

A  court  of  justice. 

codicil 

k6d'-l-sll 

Supplement  to  a  will. 

bequest 

b£-kwest' 

A  legacy. 

guilty 

gllt'-y 

Having  guilt;    wicked. 

plea 

pie 

Argument  ;   that  which  is  alleged  by 

one  in  support  of  his  cause. 

trespass 

tres'-pas 

Unlawful  or  forbidden  entrance  or 

passage. 

valid 

val'-Id 

Having  legal  force. 

heritage 

hgr'-It-aj 

That  which  is  inherited  ;  inheritance. 

authority 

au-th6r'-I-ty 

Warrant  ;   legal  power  ;   rule. 

jurisdiction 

jur-Is-dlk'-shun 

Legal  power;  the  limit  within  which 

power  may  be  exerted. 

equitably 

ek'-wl-ta-bly 

Justly  ;   impartially. 

lawyer 

la'-yer 

A  practitioner  of  law. 

retribution 

r£t-rl-bu'-shun 

Reward  and  punishment. 

executor 

eks-ek'-u-ter 

One  who  performs. 

vindicate 

vln'-dl-kat 

To  justify;    to  defend  successfully. 

appeal 

ap-per 

To  make  application  for  the  trial  of 

a  cause  in  a  higher  court. 

sue 

su 

To  seek  justice  by  legal  process. 

executive 

eks-ek'-u-tlv 

Concerned  with  putting  the  laws  in 

force. 

legitimate 

l£-jlt'-l-mat 

According  to  law,  rule  or  precedent  ; 

lawful  ;   regular  ;   orderly. 

perjury 

per'-ju-ry 

False  swearing. 

mortgagee 

mor-ga-je' 

A  person   to   whom  a   mortgage   is 

given. 

mortgagor 

mor'-ga-jor 

A  person  who  conveys  property  as  se- 
curity for  the  payment  of  debt. 

subpoena 

sub-pe'-na 

A  writ  commanding  the  attendance 

in  court  of  the  person  on  whom  it 

is  served,  as  a  witness. 

,Words  to  be  applied:  agreement,  allege,  clemency,  conveyance 

94 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  He  caused  the  accounts  to  be  examined  by  the  proper  officer, 

who,  after  comparing  every  article  with  its  voucher,  certified 
them  to  be  right." 

2  The  signature  was  declared  to  be  a  forgery. 

3  "  Fenwick  eluded  the  justice  of  the  ordinary  tribunals." 

4  A  codicil  to  the  will  completely  upset  their  plans. 

5  "  In  a  political  sense,  Christianity  is  the  bequest  the  Roman  em- 

pire gave  to  the  world." 

6  "  I  know  not  which  to  pronounce  the  more  guilty:  the  nation  that 

inflicts  the  wrong  or  that  which  quietly  submits  to  it." 

7  The  plea  set  up  in  his  behalf  was  puerile. 

8  "  To  trespass  upon  another's  rights  is  literally  to  step  or  pass 

across  the  line  of  demarcation  between  his  rights  and  ours." 

9  It  has  been  pronounced  a  valid  contract  by  our  counsel. 

10  His  writings  have  become  the  eternal  heritage  of  mankind. 

11  "  The  love  of  exercising  power  has  been  found  to  be  so  universal 

that  no  class  of  men  who  have  possessed  authority  have  been 
able  to  avoid  abusing  it." 

12  "  Charles  I  bound  himself  never  again  to  subject  his  people  to  the 

jurisdiction  of  courts-martial." 

13  "  A  government  whose  laws  have  been  equitably  administered,  and 

which  is  free  and  just,  has  always  developed  the  powers  of  the 
human  mind." 

14  The  term  "  lawyer  "  is  general,  and  includes  attorneys,  solicitors, 

counselors,  advocates,  etc. 

15  "  In  al!  great  religions  we  find  one  God ;  in  all,  personal  morality, 

with  retribution" 

16  "  An  executor  derives  his  title  from  the  will  of  his  testator."     , 

17  "He  deserves  much   more  that  vindicates  his   country  from  a 

tyrant  than  he  that  serves  a  citizen." 

18  We  will  take  an  appeal  to  the  supreme  court. 

19  He  had  threatened  to  sue  me  if  I  did  not  comply  with  his  wishes. 

20  "  He  was  not  an  impulsive  man,  but  the  executive  man  to  march 

the  troops  into  the  field  and  carry  on  the  war." 

21  "  There  are  themes  which  are  too  entirely  horrible  for  legitimate 

fiction." 

22  "  Perjure  is  now  almost  wholly  applied  to  the  commission  of  the 

crime  of  perjury" 

23  The  mortgagee  in  this  case  is  very  much  dissatisfied. 

24  The  mortgagor  has  been  notified  of  the  foreclosure  proceedings. 

25  A  subpoena  will  be  duly  issued  and  served. 

95 


FORTY-NINTH  L  E  S  S  O  N-Words  Used  in  Law 

absolve 

ab-s6lv' 

To  set  free;   to  release  from  obliga- 

tion, debt  or  expense. 

accuse 

ak-kuz' 

To  charge  with  or  declare  to  have 

committed  a  crime  or  offense. 

administer 

ad-mm'-Is-ter 

To  perform  the  office  of  administra- 

tor;  to  act  officially. 

admiralty 

ad'-mlr-al-ty 

The  court  which  has  jurisdiction  of 

maritime  questions   and  offenses. 

amnesty 

am'-n6s-ty 

An  act  of  the  sovereign  power  grant- 

ing a  general  pardon  for  a  past 

offense. 

rebuttal 

re-but'-tal 

The  giving  of  evidence  on  the  part 

of  the  plaintiff  to  destroy  the  ef- 

fect of  evidence  introduced  by  the 

defendant  in  the  same  suit. 

archives 

ar'-kivz 

Public    records    or    documents    pre- 

served as  evidence  of  facts. 

assessor 

as-ses'-ser 

One  appointed  to  assess  persons  or 

property  for  the  purpose  of  taxa- 

tion. 

attestation 

at-tes-ta'-shun 

A  solemn  or  official  declaration  in 

support  of  a  fact;    evidence. 

bailiff 

bal'-If 

A  sheriff's  officer,  or  constable. 

catechise 

kat'-e-kiz 

To   question   or    interrogate,    some- 

times with  a  view  of  reproof. 

clemency 

klem'-en-sy 

Disposition  to  forgive  and  spare. 

conviction 

kon-vlk'-shun 

The  act  or  process  of  finding  guilty, 

or  the  state  of  being  found  guilty. 

corroborate 

kor-rob'-6-rat 

To  make  more  certain;   to  confirm; 

to  establish. 

criminal 

krlm'-I-nal 

One  who  has  committed  a  crime. 

docket 

dok'-et 

A  book  of  original  entries  kept  by 

clerks  of  courts. 

equity 

ek'-wl-ty 

An  equitable  claim;    impartiality. 

indictment 

In-dit'-ment 

The  formal  statement  of  an  offense 

found  by  the  grand  jury. 

injunction 

In-junk'-shun 

A  writ  or  process  granted  by  a  court 

of  equity  whereby  a  party  is  re- 

quired to  do  or  refrain  from  doing 

certain  acts. 

inquest 

In'-kwSst 

Official  examination. 

judicial 

ju-dlsh'-al 

Pertaining  or  appropriate  to  courts 

of  justice  or  to  a  judge. 

legacy 

I6g'-a-sy 

A  gift  of  property  by  will. 

Words  to  be  applied:    magistrate,  elected,  equitable,  precinct 

96 


legal 
magistrate 

pleading 


le'-gal 
ma'-gls-trat 

pled'-mg 


Lawful ;   constitutional. 

A  person  clothed  with  power  as  a 

public  civil  officer. 
The  act  of  advocating  or  supporting 

a  cause  by  arguments. 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  We  speak  of  a  man  as  absolved  from  something  that  binds  his 

conscience. 

2  In  law  accuse  means  to  charge  with  an  offense  judicially,  or  by 

a  public  process. 

3  Mr.  James  administered  the  estate  of  the  deceased. 

4  In   America,    admiralty   jurisdiction   is   vested   in   the   district 

courts  of  the  United  States. 

5  This  genial  gentleman,  who  was  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the 

insurrection,  was  afterward  granted  amnesty  by  the  king. 

6  He  was  allowe^  five  minutes  for  rebuttal. 

7  "  He  spent  his  da^s  exploring  the  ancient  archives  of  his  family." 

8  The  assessor  was  declared  to  be  too  slack  in  his  duties. 

9  The  truth  appears  from  the  attestation  of  witnesses.     The  sub- 

scription of  a   name  to  a  writing  as  a  witness  is  also   an 
attestation. 

10  The  precinct  within  which  a  bailiff  has  jurisdiction  is  called  a 

bailiwick. 

11  The  counsel  in  catechising  the  witness  tried  to  lead  him  into 

self-condemnation. 

12  They  had  applied  for  the  royal  clemency. 

13  "  Conviction  may  accrue  in  two  ways." 

14  "  The  concurrence  of  all  corroborates  the  same  truth." 

15  Criminal  applies  especially  to  one  who  is  found  guilty  by  a  ver- 

dict, confession,  or  proof. 

16  In  the  United  States,  docket  means  a  list  or  calendar  of  causes 

ready  for  hearing  or  trial. 

17  "  Christianity  secures  both  tha  private  interests  of  men  and  the 

public  peace,  enforcing  all  justice  and  equity." 

18  The  validity  of  an  indictment — a  finding  by  the  grand  jury — is 

essential. 

19  "An  injunction  is  more  generally  used  as  a  preventive  than  as  a 

restorative  process." 

20  "  A  coroner's  inquest  is  held  to  determine  the  cause  of  any  violent, 

sudden,  or  mysterious  death." 

21  "  It  was  not  a  moral,  but  a  judicial  law,  and  so  was  abrogated." 

22  Legacy  is  also  used  in  a  figurative  sense ;    as,  "  a  legacy  of  dis- 

honor." 

23  The  legal  assets  of  the  concern  had  already  been  seized. 

24  "  Of  magistrates  some  also  are  supreme,  in  whom  the  sovereign 

power  of  the  state  resides;   others  are  subordinate." 

25  The  pleading  of  the  case  was  listened  to  with  rapt  attention  by 
all  present. 

97 


FIFTIETH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

absolve 

acceptable 

treason 

luxurious 

administer 

inaccuracy 

fiercely 

indorsement 

annuity 

combustible 

assuming 

respectable 

bailiff 

oblique 

degenerate 

rehearsal 

catechise 

trespass 

misconstrue 

extinguish 

corroborate 

dictate 

methodical 

experience 

indictment 

ornamental 

composition 

humorist 

judicial 

individuals 

brochure 

imperative 

legacy 

careless 

confidence 

syndicate 

rebuttal 

hereafter 

numerical 

dictionary 

affidavit 

railroads 

dissipate 

useful 

verdict 

unsurpassed 

ventilate 

dissatisfaction 

alimony 

various 

reliance 

extraordinary 

attorney 

distributed 

roughen 

melancholy 

executrix 

especially 

liniment 

intrinsic 

expiate 

basis 

solvable 

cartage 

amenable 

permitted 

recipient 

vicinity 

judgment 

theoretical 

diphtheria 

luncheon 

mortgagee 

forethought 

lessee 

superb 

subpoena 

enormous 

medicine 

chargeable 

equitably 

editorial 

confidant 

nervous 

codicil 

cassimere 

arbitrary 

substantiate 

vindicate 

treatise 

scissors 

pharmacy 

heritage 

copyists 

cashier 

scenery 

authority 

succession 

magician 

gorgeous 

98 


CHAPTER   XI 


SHOW   US 

BY  HERBERT  KAUFMAN 

XTOU  say  that  you  deserve  success; 

•*•        Pitch  in,  and  start  to  show  us. 
We  think  that  you  deserve  far  less, 

And  ought  to  be  below  us. 
It's  up  to  you  and  what  you  do; 

Mere  empty  words  won't  change  our  view. 

Come,  prove  our  viewpoint  isn't  true! 

Results  are  all  that  we  will  count; 
If  you  can  climb,  begin  and  mount! 

Present  your  case — we're  on  the  jury; 
But  all  of  us  are  from  Missouri. 


FIFTY-FIRST   LESSON-Words  used  in  Business 

abstract 

ab'-strakt  [shun 

A  summary  or  an  epitome. 

accommodation 

ak-k6m'-m6-da'- 

A  loan  of  money. 

account 

ak-kount' 

A  recital  of  transactions. 

acknowledgment 

ak-nOl'-Sj-mgnt 

Legal  declaration  or  avowal  of 

one's  own  act. 

acquittance 

ak-kwlt'-tans 

A  release  or  discharge  from 

debt  or  other  liability. 

ad  valorem 

ad  va-lo'-rSm 

A  duty  upon  goods  according 

to  their  value. 

advances 

ad-van'-sez 

Money  or  value  supplied  be- 

forehand. 

appraisement 
arbitration 

ap-praz'-ment 
ar-bl-tra'-shun 

The  act  of  setting  the  value. 
The  act  of  arbitrating. 

assess 

as-seV 

To  make  a  valuation  for  the 

purpose  of  taxation. 

assets 

as'-sets 

The    entire    property    of    all 

sorts  belonging  to  a  person, 

a  corporation,  or  an  estate. 

assignment 

as-sln'-m£nt 

Transfer  of  the  property  of  a 

bankrupt  to  certain  persons 

for  the  benefit  of  creditors. 

attachment 

at-tach'-ment 

A  seizure  by  legal  process. 

barter 

bar'-ter 

The  act    of    exchanging;    to 

exchange. 

bear 

bar 

A  person  who  sells  stocks  or 

securities  for  future  delivery. 

bonus 

bo'-nus 

Money  paid  in  addition  to  a 

stated  compensation. 

broker 

bro'-ker 

An  agent  employed  to  effect  bar- 

gains between  other  parties. 

bullion 
bushel 

bul'-yun 
tfush'-el 

Uncoined  gold  or  silver. 
A  measure  containing  thirty- 

two  quarts. 

check 

chek 

A  written  order  upon  a  bank  to 

pay  money  as  therein  stated. 

clearance 

kler'-ans 

The  act  of  clearing;    permis- 

sion to  sail. 

clearings 

kler'-Ingz 

The  gross  amount  of  the  bal- 

ances adjusted  in  the  clear- 

ing-house. 

clientele 

kli'-en-teT 

One's   clients,   collectively. 

conservator 

k6n'-ser-va'-ter 

An  official  preserver. 

consign 

k6n-sin' 

To    send    or    address    to    an 

agent   or   correspondent   in 

another  place. 

"Words  to  be  applied  :   acceptance,  capitalist,  accrue,  assignee 

100 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  An  abstract  of  title  is  an  epitome  of  the  evidences  of  ownership." 

2  "An  accommodation  bill  is  drawn,  accepted,  or  indorsed  by  one 

to  enable  another  to  obtain  credit." 

3  An  account  current  is  a  running  or  continued  account  between 

two  or  more  parties. 

4  We  are  aware  that  the  acknowledgment  of  the  deed  is  taken. 

5  "  You  can    procure  acquittances  for    such  a  sum  from    special 

officers." 

6  The  goods  were  subjected  to  an  ad  valorem  duty. 

7  "  The  account  was  made  up  with  intent  to  show  what  advances 

had  been  made." 

8  The  litigants  consented  to  the  appraisement  of  the  committee. 

9  The  coal  strike  was  finally  submitted  to  arbitration. 

10  "  This  sum  is  assessed  and  raised  upon  individuals  by  commis- 

sioners appointed  in  the  act." 

11  In  balancing  accounts  the  assets  are  put  on  the  credit  side. 

12  "  General  assignment  means,  more  fully,  an  assignment  for  the 

benefit  of  creditors." 

13  He  succeeded  in  obtaining  an  injunction  restraining  the  attach- 

ment of  the  property. 

14  "  When  article  is  exchanged  for  article  without  the  use  of  money 

or  credit,  it  is  simple  barter." 

15  "  The  bears  and  bulls  of  the  stock  exchange  are  said  to  be  so 

called  in  allusion  to  the  bear's  habit  of  pulling  downward  and 
the  bull's  of  tossing  up." 

16  "  The  banks  which  now  hold  the  deposits  pay  nothing  to  the  pub- 

lic;   they  give  no  bonus,  they  pay  no  annuity." 

17  The  commission  payable  as  the  broker's  compensation  for  his 

services  is  styled  "brokerage." 

18  "  We  hold  a  demand  check  upon  every  bank  in  Europe  for  the  coin 

or  bullion  on  which  we  maintain  the  specie  standard  of  value." 

19  "A  half-barrel,  holding  about  a  bushel  and  a  half  of  oysters,  is 

called  a  bushel  barrel." 

20  "  The  use  of  money  is  immensely  economized  by  the  check  and 

credit  system." 

21  A  clearance  is  a  certificate  from  the  proper  authorities  that  a 

vessel  has  complied  with  the  law  and  has  leave  to  sail. 

22  The  bank  clearings  in  New  York  are  very  large. 

23  The  clientele  of  the  theater  was  famous  for  its  culture. 

24  It  is  a  function  of  trust  companies  to  act  as  conservators  of 

estates. 

25  The  goods  were  consigned  to  our  London  agent. 

101 


FIFTY-SECOND    LESSON—  Words  used  in  Business 

consols 

k6n'-s6lz 

Leading    British    government    se- 

curities. 

corner 

kor'-ner 

To  get  control  of  a  stock  or  com- 

modity. 

corporation 

kor-p6-ra'-shun 

A  firm  or  association  authorized  by 

law  with  the  capacity  of  trans- 

acting business  as  an  individual. 

creditors 

kred'-It-erz 

Those  who  have  given  credit. 

customs 

kus'-tums 

Duties  upon  imported  or  exported 

commodities. 

deliveries 

de-llv'-er-lz 

Delivery  of  property  in  fulfillment 

of  contracts. 

demurrage 

de-mur'-raj 

The  allowance  for  the  delay  be- 

yond the  time  permitted  for  un- 

loading a  boat  or  a  freight  car. 

dishonor 

dls-6n'-er 

The    non-payment    or    non-accept- 

ance of  commercial  paper. 

dividends 

dlv'-I-dendz 

Returns  on  investments. 

draff 

draft 

An  order  from  one  bank  or  indi- 

vidual upon  another  for  the  pay- 

ment of  money. 

drawback 

dra'-bak 

Rebates  allowed  from  regular  rates 

charged  for  transportation. 

duty 

du'-ty 

A  tax  on  the  importation  or  ex- 

portation of  goods. 

embargo 

em-bar'-go 

Prohibition  imposed  by  law  upon 

commerce. 

entering 

Sn'-ter-mg 

Lodgment  of  a  manifest  of  goods 

at  custom  house. 

excise 

e"ks-siz' 

An  inland  tax  on  goods. 

failure 

fal'-ur 

Inability   to   meet   one's    financial 

engagements. 

futures 

fu'-turs 

Things  bought  and  sold  for  deliv- 

ery at  a  future  time. 

incorporated 

m-kor'-po-rat'-ed 

Formed  into  a  legal  body. 

hypothecate 

hi-p6th'-e-kat 

To  pledge  anything  for  money  bor- 

rowed. 

indorse 

In-d6rs' 

To  write  one's  name  on  negotiable 

paper;  to  sanction. 

insolvent 

In-s6l'-vent 

Not  having  sufficient  estate  to  pay 

debts. 

installment 

In-st.al'-ment 

A  part  of  a  sum  of  money  to  be 

paid  at  a  particular  time. 

Words  to  be  applied  :    company,  co-operate,  depreciate,  manifest 

102 


limited 

liquidation 
long 


HmMt-ed 

llk'-wl-da'-shun 
long 


After  "  company "  signifies  the 
members  are  individually  liable 
for  the  company's  debts  only  to 
a  specified  amount. 

The  selling  out  of  property  previ- 
ously bought  or  contracted  for. 

One  who  has  property  bought  in 
anticipation  of  a  rise  in  price. 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  During  the  Boer  war,  British  consols  fell  considerably. 

2  The  attempt  to  corner  the  wheat  market  has  invariably  resulted 

in  disaster  to  those  who  attempt  it. 

3  New  Jersey  is  said  to  be  the  home  of  corporations. 

4  The  creditors  of  the  concern  duly  proved  their  claims. 

5  He  was  appointed  collector  of  customs  of  the  port. 

6  Some  doubted  his  ability  to  effect  the  deliveries  according  to 

contract. 

7  The  demurrage  on  the  consignment  was  considerable. 

8  "  In  consequence  of  this  dishonor  of  his  draft  he  had  found  him- 

self, for  more  than  a  month,  destitute  of  funds." 

9  Assessments  on  stock  are  sometimes  spoken  of  as  Irish  dividends. 

10  He  was  unable  to  pay  and  his  draft  went  to  protest. 

11  The  drawback  on  the  shipment  amounted  to  $27.00. 

12  Some  travelers  take  delight  in  trying  to  avoid  duty  on  goods. 

13  An  embargo  may  be  placed  on  goods  as  well  as  commerce. 

14  No  attempt  was  made  at  entering  the  goods  at  the  custom  house. 

15  The  taxes  were  classed  respectively  as  excise  customs,  or  tolls, 

and  transit  duties. 

16  The  failure  of  the  bank  so  affected  the  stock  market  that  many 

of  the  firms  became  seriously  involved. 

17  "  Senator    Washburn    introduced  a   bill  defining   '  options '   and 

'futures,'  and  imposing  special  taxes  on  dealers  therein." 
19  "  He  had  no  power  to  hypothecate  any  part  of  the  public  revenue." 

19  The  company  is  incorporated,  but  its  charter  is  unrecorded. 

20  He  indorsed  the  check  and  turned  it  over  to  his  creditors. 

21  The  company  being  insolvent,  filed  a  schedule  in  bankruptcy. 

22  The  second  installment  becomes  due  on  the  15th. 

23  A  limited  partnership  consists  of  a  general  and  a  special  partner. 

24  Signing  in  liquidation  is  the  act  of  signing  for  the  firm,  by  that 

member  of  it  who  is  charged  with  the  business  of  settlement, 
or  liquidation. 

25  Long,  in  the  commercial  world,  signifies  having  bought  property 

in  anticipation  of  a  rise  in  price. 

103 


FIFTY-THIRD  LESSON—  Words  used  in  Business 

margin 

mar'-gln 

Money  or  collaterals  deposited  with  a 

broker  to  protect  contracts. 

net 

nSt 

Clear  of  all  charges  and  deductions. 

nominal 

nom'-I-nal 

Existing  in  name  only. 

note 

not 

A  written  acknowledgment  of  a  debt, 

or  promise  to  pay  at  a  specified  time. 

option 

op'-shun 

The  power  of  choosing  ;   choice  ;   a  stip- 

ulated privilege. 

overissue 

o'-ver-Ish'-u 

An  issuing,  as  of  notes,  beyond  or  in 

excess  of  the  capital  stock. 

oversold 

o'-ver-sold' 

The  reverse  of  "overbought." 

Pig 

Pig 

A  mass  of  iron  or  other  metal  as  first 

extracted  from  the  ore. 

point 

point 

On  stock  exchanges,  a  "  point  "  is  un- 

derstood to  mean  one  dollar  a  share. 

privileges 

prlv'-l-l6j-6z 

A  contract  giving  the  holder  the  privi- 

lege of  tendering  to  or  calling  for  a 

certain  number  of  shares  of  a  certain 

stock,  or  a  specified  quantity. 

promoter 

pro-mot'-er 

An  organizer  of  companies  and  enter- 

prises. 

prorate 

pro-rat' 

To  divide,  distribute  or  assess  propor- 

tionately. 

replevin 

re-plev'-In 

The  action  taken  to  recover  possession 

of  goods  or  chattels  wrongfully  held. 

reprisal 

re-priz'-al 

Property  taken  by  a  nation  to  satisfy 

an  injury  done  by  an  enemy. 

scalper 

skalp'-er 

One  who  trades  in  options  continually; 

also  applied  to  railroad  ticket  brokers. 

short 

sh6rt 

Not  having  goods  or  property  that  one 

has  sold. 

sovereign 

s6v'-er-In 

A  British  gold  coin,  the  same  in  value 

as  a  pound  sterling,  or  $4.866. 

syndicate 

syn'-dl-kat' 

A  combination  of  persons  for  business 

purposes. 

tierce 

ters 

In  speculative  dealings  a  tierce  of  lard 

is  figured  at  340  pounds. 

tonnage 

tun'-naj 

The    amount    or    quantity    of    freight 

handled  by  rail  or  marine. 

trover 

tro'-ver 

An  action  to  recover  for  the  value  of 

goods  wrongfully  converted. 

trust 

trust 

A    combination    of    business   interests 

having  for  its    object    monopoly  in 

special  lines. 

Words  to  be  applied:    indorsee,  discrepancy,  traffic,  premium 

104 


trustee 
underwriter 

voucher 


trust-e 
un'-der-rlt-er 

vouch'-er 


One  who  is  intrusted  with  property  for 
the  benefit  of  another. 

One  who  subscribes  for  stock  in  a  com- 
pany in  the  expectation  of  placing  or 
reselling;  also  one  who  insures. 

A  paper  which  serves  to  vouch  for  the 
correctness  of  accounts. 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  He  refused  to  put  up  further  margins  to  protect  the  contracts. 

2  These  are  the  net  prices  on  these  goods. 

3  For  this  we  will  make  only  a  nominal  charge. 

4  In  Connecticut  a  note  must  be  dated  on  a  week  day  to  make  it 

legally  binding. 

5  His  option  on  the  property  expires  on  the  15th. 

6  "  This  is  not  the  first  time  this  company  has  been  guilty  of  an 

overissue" 

7  In  going  over  the  contracts  of  the  firm,  it  was  found  that  it  had 

considerably  oversold. 

8  A  pig  of  lead  weighs  301  pounds.    , 

9  On  the  stock  exchange  the  unit  of  variation  in  price  per  share  is 

a  point.     Look  up  the  definition  of  both  privilege  and  option 
in  an  unabridged  dictionary. 

10  The  promoter  found  himself  in  financial  difficulties  so  complex 

that  he  was  doomed  to  irretrievable  failure. 

11  The  corporation  will  prorate  dividends  on  the  first  of  next  month. 

12  A  writ  of  replevin  was  duly  issued. 

13  "  A  reprisal  is  the  use  of  force  by  one  nation  against  property  of 

another  to  obtain  redress  without  thereby  commencing  war." 

14  He  saved  $5.38  by  buying  his  ticket  of  a  scalper. 

15  "  I  am  still  short  of  Northern  Pacific." 

16  The  British  sovereign  contains  123.274  grains  of  gold,  11/12  fine. 

17  A  syndicate  was  formed  to  extend  the  electric  lines  to  all  of  the 

suburban  cities. 

18  Tierce  is  also  applied  to  a  cask  containing  42  wine  gallons.    "  In 

1886,  the  freighting  through  the  great  African  canal  amounted 
to  a  gross  tonnage  of  8,133,313  tons." 

19  Trover  was  originally  an  action  of  trespass. 

20  The  trust  question  is  a  serious  one  in  the  United  States. 

21  One  of  the  functions  of  a  trust  company  is  to  act  as  trustee. 

22  Individuals,   as  well   as  companies,   underwrite  policies  of  in- 

surance. 

23  Please  attach    your    explanation   to   the  voucher,   and   return 

promptly. 


105 


FIFTY-FOURTH   LESSON-Words  Used  in  Business 

acceptance 

ak-sept'-ans 

An  assent  by  the  person  on  whom 

a  bill  of  exchange  is  drawn  to 

pay  it  when  due. 

accrue 

ak-kru' 

To  come  by  way  of  increase. 

actuary 

ak'-tu-a-ry 

The  computing  official  of  an  in- 

surance company. 

adjustment 

ad-just'-mSnt 

The  act  of  adjusting. 

administrator 

ad-mln-Is-tra'-ter 

One  to  whom  the  right  of  admin- 

istration has  been  committed. 

allotment 

al-l6t'-ment 

That  which  is  allotted;    a  share. 

annuity 
arbitrage 

an-nu'-I-ty 
ar'-bl-traj 

An  annual  allowance. 
A  traffic  in  bills  of  exchange. 

assignee 

as-sl-ne' 

A  person  to  whom  an  assignment 

is  made. 

auditor 

a'-dlt-er 

An  examiner  of  accounts. 

balance 

bal'-ans 

An  equality  between    the    sums 

total  of  the  two  sides  of  an  ac- 

count ;  also  the  excess  on  either 

side. 

bankruptcy 

bank'-riipt-cy 

State  of  being  bankrupt. 

bargain 

bar'-gen 

An  agreement  concerning  the  sale 

* 

of  property. 

borrower 

bfir'-ro-er 

One  who  borrows. 

brokerage 

brok'-er-aj 

The    commission    charged    by    a 

broker. 

cablegram 

ka'-bT-gram 

A    message    sent    by    submarine 

telegraph. 

cancel 

kan'-sel 

To  annul  or  destroy. 

capitalist 

kap'-It-al-Ist 

A  person  of  large  wealth  engaged 

in    the    business    of    investing 

money. 

cargo 

kar'-go 

Goods,  merchandise,  or  whatever 

is  conveyed  in  a  vessel  or  boat. 

certify 

ser'-tl-fl 

To  testify  in  writing;    to  verify. 

charter 

char'-ter 

The  hiring  of  a  vessel,  car  or  train 

by  special  contract  ;   a  grant. 

coinage 

koin'-aj 

The  act  or  process  of  converting 

metal  into  money. 

collateral 

kol-lat'-er-al 

Additional  security. 

collectible 

kol-lekt'-I-b'l 

Capable  of  being  collected. 

combination 

k6m-bl-na'-shun 

The  act  or  process  of  combining 

or  uniting  persons   or  things; 

the  result  of  combining. 

Words  to  be  applied:    assignor,  administratrix,  stocks,  bonds 

106 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  bill  of  exchange  itself,  when  accepted,  is  also  called  an 

acceptance. 

2  "He  spoke  of   the  great  and  essential  advantages   accruing  to 

society  from  the  freedom  of  the  press." 

3  The  official  whose  profession  it  is  to  calculate  for  insurance 

companies   the  risks   and  premiums  for  life,   fire  and  other 
insurances,  is  called  an  actuary. 

4  "  Success  depends  on  the  nicest  and  minutest  adjustment  of  the 

parts  concerned." 

5  "  The  administrator  of  the  estate  was  considered  very  fair  in  all 

his  dealings." 

6  The  allotment  of  lands  in  the  West  by  the  government  is  decided 

upon  by  drawings. 

7  An  annuity  is  usually  a  sum  of  money  payable  yearly,  to  con- 

tinue for  a  given  number  of  years. 

8  Traffic  in  stocks,  which  have  different  values  at  the  same  time  in 

different  markets,  is  also  called  arbitrage. 

9  An  assignee  may  also  become  an  executor. 

10  In  the  United  States  Government  there  are  auditors  of  the  treas- 

ury and  of  the  public  accounts. 

11  His  balance  at  the  bank  was  not  so  large  as  he  had  expected. 

12  He  was,  in  fact,  in  a  condition  of  bankruptcy. 

13  A  contract  is  a  bargain  that  is  legally  binding. 

14  "  Neither  a  borrower  nor  a  lender  be." 

15  A  broker  is  an  agent  employed  to  effect  bargains  and  contracts 

between  other  persons  for  a  compensation  called  brokerage. 

16  The  expense  of  sending  cablegrams  is  often  very  great. 

17  He  was  unwilling  to  cancel  the  policy. 

18  The  capitalists  of  America  are  the  wealthiest  in  the  world. 

19  In  law,  the  term  cargo  does  not  usually  include  live  stock. 

20  When  a  bank  certifies  a  check  it  guarantees  the  payment  of  it. 

21  The  steamship  was  chartered  at  a  great  saving. 

22  The  question  of  free  coinage  of  silver  was  one  that  stirred  the 

country  from  end  to  end. 

23  Collateral  security  is  security  for  the  performance  of  agreements 

or  payment  of  money  besides  the  principal  security. 

24  The  bills  were  said  to  be  uncollectible. 

25  Combinations  in  restraint  of  trade  are  theoretically  unlawful. 

107 


FIFTY-FIFTH  LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

replevin 

likelihood 

demurrer 

speculation 

scalper 

surgery 

although 

underwriter 

sovereign 

terrible 

export 

beneficiary 

squeezed 

business 

debatable 

commutation 

syndicate 

science 

settlement 

manipulate 

articles 

arraign 

always 

architectural 

accrued 

tenacity 

allowable 

inaugurate 

clearings 

antiseptic 

yield 

fermenting 

collateral 

monastery 

repudiate 

augmented 

chattel 

classical 

vision 

superlative 

debenture 

menace 

dilatory 

advisability 

dutiable 

parcel 

interrupt 

alternative 

current 

diversion 

russet 

importance 

exemplary 

marriage 

carpenter 

unprofitable 

mercantile 

weapon 

bottler 

gratuitous 

preferred 

relinquish 

bankrupt 

proficiency 

realizing 

junction 

architect 

sustenance 

visible 

enhance 

obeisance 

symmetrical 

recourse 

chromo 

voluntary 

impoverish 

internal 

exposure 

radius 

mysterious 

weight 

interpret 

margin 

scandalous 

alleviate 

fabric 

criticise 

complicate 

economy 

clerical 

elixir 

variegated 

bicycle 
sentinel 

rascal 
biscuit 

neutral 
adequate 

accommoda- 
[tion 
addressing 

108 


CHAPTER  XII 


"  T  TALF  the  giant's  strength  is  in  the  conviction 
•••  •*•  that  he  is  a  giant.  The  strength  of  a  muscle 
is  enhanced  a  hundred  fold  by  the  will  power.  The 
same  muscle,  when  removed  from  the  giant's  arm, 
when  divorced  from  the  force  of  the  mighty  will, 
can  sustain  but  a  fraction  of  the  weight  it  did  a 
moment  before  it  was  disconnected." 


109 


FIFTY-SIXTH   LESSON— Words  Used  in  Business 


commerce 

commission 

commodity 

compensate 
competition 

consignee 
consignment 

convertible 

co-operate 

coup 

coupon 
credentials 


debenture 
defalcation 

delinquent 
depository 

depreciate 
deteriorate 

director 


disburse 
discrepancy 

discount 

document 
duebill 


k6m'-mers 

k6m-mlsh'-un 

k6m-m6d'-I-ty 

kom '-pen-sat 
k6m-pe- tlsh  '-un 

kon-sl-ne' 
k6n-sm'-ment 

k6n-vert'-I-b'l 

ko-6p'-er-at 

koo 

koo'-p6n 
kre"-d6n'-shals 


de-ben'-tur 
de-fal-ka'-shun 

de-lm'-kwent 
de-p6s'-It-6-ry 

de-pre'-shl-at 
de-te'-rl-o-rat 

dl-r6kt'-er 


dls-burs' 
dls-krSp'-an-sy 

dls'-kount 


d6k'-u-ment 
du'-bll 


Extended  trade  or  traffic. 

The  allowance  made  to  an  agent. 

Everything  movable  that  is 
bought  and  sold. 

To  recompense;    reward. 

Common  strife  for  the  same  ob- 
ject ;  emulation ;  rivalry. 

The  person  to  whom  goods  are 
consigned. 

Goods  sent  to  a  consignee  at  one 
time. 

Capable  of  being  exchanged. 

To  concur  in  action  or  effect. 

A  sudden  stroke ;'  an  unexpected 
stratagem. 

An  interest  warrant  attached  to 
the  bottom  of  transferable  bonds. 

Testimonials  showing  that  the 
holder  is  entitled  to  credit  or 
has  the  right  to  exercise  offi- 
cial power. 

A  writing  acknowledging  a  debt. 

A  fraudulent  deficiency  in  money 
matters. 

Failing  in  duty  or  obligation. 

A  place  where  anything  is  lodged 
for  safe  keeping. 

To  become  of  less  worth. 

To  impair;  to  make  worse;  to 
grow  worse. 

One  of  a  body  of  persons  selected 
to  manage  the  affairs  of  a  cor- 
poration or  company. 

To  expend;   to  pay  out. 

State  or  quality  of  being  in  dis- 
agreement; at  variance. 

A  deduction  made  for  interest; 
the  rate  of  interest  charged  in 
discounting  a  bill  or  note. 

A  paper  containing  an  authori- 
tative record  or  statement. 

A  brief  written  acknowledgment 
of  a  debt. 


110 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  The  public  becomes  powerful  in  proportion  to  the  opulence  and 

extensive  commerce  of  private  men." 

2  A  commission  of  10%  was  allowed  him  on  all  sales. 

3  "  His   dealings   were   restricted   wholly   to   commodities   of  com- 

merce." 

4  "  Nothing  can  compensate  for  the  loss  of  reputation." 

5  "  Where  competition  does  not  act  at  all,  there  is  complete  mo- 

nopoly." 

6  "  Consignor  and  consignee  are  used  by  merchants  to  express  gen- 

erally the  shipper  of  merchandise  and  the  person  to  whom  it 
is  addressed,  by  bill  of  lading  or  otherwise." 

7  "  Goods  sent  to  an  agent  or  correspondent  in  another  place  to  be 

sold  for  such  correspondent,  are  said  to  be  shipped  on  con- 
signment" 

8  "  The  securities  were  not  convertible  into  cash." 

9  "  Great  things  may  be  accomplished  by  co-operation.11 

10  "  Coup  is  a  term  used  in  various  ways  to  convey  the  idea  of 

promptness  and  force." 

11  Coupon  is  also  applied  to  a  section  of  a  ticket  showing  the 

holder  to  be  entitled  to  some  privilege. 

12  "  Had  they  not  shown  undoubted  credentials,  they  would  not  have 

been  admitted." 

13  Debenture  is  a  term  usually  used  of  obligations  of  corporations 

or  large  moneyed  copartnerships,  issued  in  a  form  convenient 
to  be  sold  as  investments. 

14  "  He  was  charged  with  lar^e  defalcations.11 

15  "  We  speak  of  a  delinquent  subscriber ;    a  delinquent  tenant." 

16  This  bank  is  a  IT.  S.  depository.     (See  also,  the  word  "deposi- 

tary.") 

17  "  A  paper  currency  will  depreciate  in  value  unless  it  is  convertible 

into  specie." 

18  "  Under  such  conditions,  the  mind  rapidly  deteriorates.11 

19  "  The  directors  of  the  bank  were  in  favor  of  a  different  policy." 

20  Disburse  is  usually  applied  to  payments  from  a  public  fund. 

21  "  There  is  no  real  discrepancy  between  these  two  books." 

22  Discount  is   also  an  allowance   made   for  prompt    payment    of 

bills. 

23  A  bill  of  exchange  accompanied  by  a  document  as  collateral 

security,  such  as  a  bill  of  lading  or  a  policy  of  insurance,  is 
called  a  document  bill. 

24  He  sustained  a  great  loss  through  his  habit  of  lending  money 

on  dueMlls. 

Ill 


FIFTY-SEVENTH    LESSON-  Words  Used  in  Business 

duplicate 

du'-pll-k&t 

A  copy  ;   a  transcript. 

dutiable 

du'-tl-a-b'l 

Subject  to  the  payment  of  a  duty. 

embarrass 

em-bar'-ras 

To  encumber  with  debt;    to  beset 

with  urgent  demands  or  claims. 

enterprise 

6n'-ter-priz 

A  work  projected  which  involves 

energy,  courage,  activity. 

equitable 

6k'-wl-ta-b'l 

Fair;  unbiased;  just;  reasonable. 

establish 

es-tab'-llsh 

To  prove  and  cause  to  be  accom- 

plished as    true;    to   set  up  in 

business. 

estimate 

es'-tl-mat 

To  fix  roughly  the  worth  of. 

exchange 

eks-chanj' 

The   method   of   settling   accounts 

between    parties    residing  at   a 

distance  from  each  other,  with- 

out the  actual  transfer  of  money. 

exceptional 

Sk-sep'-shun-al 

Uncommon  ;    unusual  ;    peculiar. 

expedite 

eks'-pe-dit 

To  accelerate  the  motion  of. 

exports 

eks'-ports 

Commodities  sent  out  of  a  country. 

extortionate 

eks-tor'-shun-at 

Oppressive;  excessive. 

fiduciary 

fl-du'-shl-a-ry 

Having  the  nature  of  a  trust,  espe- 

cially a  financial  trust. 

financier 

fm-an-ser' 

One  skilled  in  financial  operations. 

fluctuate 

fluk'-tu-at 

To  be  wavering  or  unsteady  ;    rise 

and  fall. 

foreclosure 

for-clo'-shur 

A  proceeding   which   bars   or   ex- 

tinguishes a  mortgagor's  right  of 

redeeming  a  mortgaged  estate. 

forfeit 

for'-flt 

To  relinquish. 

franchise 

fran'-chlz  (or 

A  particular  privilege  conferred  by 

-chiz) 

a  government  or  a  sovereign;    a 

right  to  vote. 

fraudulent 

frad'-u-lent 

Deceitful  ;    dishonest  ;    unfair. 

gross 

gros 

Coarse  ;    total  ;    opposed  to  fine. 

guarantee 

gar-an-te' 

A  warrant  ;  a  security. 

Illegal 
imports 

Il-le'-gal 
Im'-ports 

Unlawful. 
Merchandise  brought  into  a  coun- 

try from  abroad. 

indemnity 

In-dem'-nl-ty 

Security  ;    insurance. 

indenture 

In-dSn'-tur 

A    mutual    written    agreement   in 

duplicate. 

Words  to  be  applied  :   suspension,  domestic,  specie,  arrears 

112 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  Nearly  all  business  letters  are  written  in  duplicate. 

2  Under  the  new  tariff  law,  this  merchandise  is  not  dutiable. 

3  A  man  of  business  is  embarrassed  when  he  cannot  meet  his 

financial  engagements. 

4  Enterprise  is  an  essential  quality  to  success  in  business. 

5  "  No  two  had  exactly  the  same  notion  of  what  was  equitable." 

6  "  Confidence,  which  must  precede  union,  could  be  established  only 

by  consummate  prudence  and  self-control." 

7  "  Weigh  success  in  a  moral  balance,  and  our  whole  estimate  is 

changed." 

8  Exchange  is  also  applied  to  the  charge  for  making  the  transfer. 

9  "  Thomas  was  of  a  nature  which  had  a  sort  of  superstitious  re- 

pugnance to  everything  exceptional" 

10  The  general  sent  orders  to  expedite  the  march  of  the  army. 

11  In  this  country  the  value  of  the  exports  exceeds  that  of  the 

imports. 

12  Monopoly  without  regulation  tends  to  produce  extortionate  prices. 

13  "  Commercial  credit  is  to-day  the  most  important  wheel  in  the 

whole  fiduciary  mechanism." 

14  A  financier  need  not  necessarily  be  a  capitalist — he  may  skill- 

fully employ  the  money  of  others. 

15  "  The  mind  may  for  some  time  fluctuate  between  two  feelings,  but 

it  can  never  entertain  both  at  once." 

16  "  Foreclosure  proceedings  were  instituted  at  once  to  head  off  any 

action  he  might  take." 

17  We  forfeit  an  estate  by  treason;    we  forfeit  reputation  by  a 

breach  of  promise. 

18  "  Election  by  universal  suffrage,  as  modified  by  the  constitution, 

is  one  crowning  franchise  of  American  people." 

19  "  The  papers  were  obviously  fraudulent." 

20  The  gross  earnings  fell  considerably  below  those  of  former  years. 

21  "  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  each  State  in  this  Union 

a  republican  form  of  government." 

22  This  action  on  the  part  of  the  company  would  undoubtedly  be 

illegal. 

23  The  total  of  imports  which  come  through  the  port  of  New  York 

is  the  largest  of  any  in  this  country. 

24  Insurance  is  a  contract  for  indemnity. 

25  Indentures  were  originally  duplicates  laid  together  and  indented 

by  a  notched  cut,  or  line. 

113 


FIFTY-EIGHTH   LESSON—  Words  Used  in  Business 

investment 

In-vest'-ment 

The  purchase  of  property  ;    money 

invested. 

insolvency 

In-sol'-ven-sy 

The  condition  of  being  unable  to 

pay  debts  when  due. 

indorser 

m-dors'-er 

One  who  guarantees  the  payment 

of  a  note,  draft,  check,  etc. 

integrity 

m-teg'-rt-ty 

Wholeness  ;  moral  soundness. 

inventory 

m'-ven-to-ry 

Account   of   stock   taken   in   busi- 

ness. 

invoice 

In'-vois 

A  written  account  of  the  particu- 

lars   of    merchandise    shipped; 

goods  shipped. 

jobber 

job'-ber 

One  who  buys  goods  from  impor- 

ters, wholesalers  or  manufactur- 

ers and  sells  to  retailers. 

journal 

jur'-nal 

A  book  of  accounts  in  which  is  en- 
tered a  condensed  statement  of 

the  daily  transactions. 

ledger 

lej'-er 

The  final  book  of  record  in  busi- 

ness transactions. 

liabilities 

H-a-bllM-tlz 

The  sum  of  one's  pecuniary  obliga- 

tions. 

lucrative 

lu'-kra-tlv 

Profitable;    gainful. 

maturity 

ma-tur'-I-ty 

Arrival  of  the  time  fixed  for  pay- 
ment;  becoming  due. 

mercantile 

mer'-kan-tll 

Pertaining  to  merchants. 

merchandise 

mer'-chan-diz 

Wares  ;   goods  ;    commodities. 

monopoly 

m6-n6p'-6-ly 

Sole  command  of  the  traffic  in  sell- 

ing anything. 

negotiable 

ne-go'-shl-a-b'l 

Transferable  by  assignment  or  in- 

dorsement to  another  person. 

notary 

no'-ta-ry 

A  public  officer  who  attests  or  cer- 

tifies deeds  and  other  writings. 

obligation 
pecuniary 
percentage 

6b~ll-ga'-shun 
pe-kun'-ya-ry 
per-sent'-aj 

That  to  which  one  is  bound. 
Relating  to  or  consisting  of  money. 
A  certain  rate  per  cent. 

preferential 

prSf'-er-en'-shal 

Having  a  preference  or  precedence. 

property 
proposition 

pro'-per-ty 
prop-6-zIsh'-un 

Anything  subject  to  ownership. 
That  which  is  offered  tor  consid- 

eration, acceptance,  or  adoption. 

protest 

pro'-t6st 

Steps  taken  to  fix  the  liability  of  a 

drawer  or  indorser  of  dishonored 

commercial  paper. 

quotation 

kwo-ta'-shun 

The  price  named. 

Words  to  be  applied  :    refunding,  factorage,  floating,  breakage 

114 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Before  the  investment  could  be  made,  a  change  in  the  market 

might  render  it  ineligible." 

2  Insolvency  signifies  the  inability  of  a  person  to  pay  his  debts  as 

they  become  due  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  . 

3  The  indorser  was  called  upon  to  pay  the  note. 

4  "  The  moral  grandeur  of  independent  integrity  is  the  sublimest 

thing  in  nature." 

5  "  There,  take  an  inventory  of  all  I  have." 

6  The  merchant  received  a  large  invoice  of  goods. 

7  The  jobber's  prices  could  not  be  met  by  the  manufacturer. 

8  "  A  diary  is  also  called  a  journal." 

9  "  The  ledger  was  taken  into  court  to  prove  his  statements." 

10  The  resources  of  this  company  are  more  than  double  the  lia- 

bilities. 

11  "  The  trade  of  merchandise,  being  the  most  lucrative,  may  bear 

usury  at  a  good  rate." 

12  The  bonds  will  reach  their  maturity  in  ten  .years. 

13  "  The  expedition  of  the  Argonauts  was  partly  mercantile,  partly 

military." 

14  "  He  was  a  dealer  in  second-hand  merchandise." 

15  "  Public  utilities  that  are  in  the  nature  of  a  monopoly  should  be 

controlled  by  the  municipality,  or  government." 

16  Negotiable  paper  is  any  commercial  paper  transferable  by  sale 

or   delivery   and  indorsement,   as   drafts,   checks,   promissory 
notes,  bills  of  exchange. 

17  A  notary  public  is  usually  called  a  notary. 

18  "  The  cultivation  of  the  soil  is  an  obligation  imposed  by  nature 

on  mankind." 

19  "  My  exertions,  whatever  they  have  been,  were  such  as  no  hopes 

of  pecuniary  reward  could  possibly  excite ;    and  no  pecuniary 
compensation  can  possibly  reward  them." 

20  "  The  percentage  of  profit  was  very  small." 

21  The  company  was  allowed  a  preferential  claim  on  the  revenues. 

22  "  It  was  the  misfortune  of  my  friend  to  have  embarked  his  prop- 

erty  in  large  speculations." 

23  "  The  proposition  for  peace  was  rejected." 

24  "  Notice  of  protest  by  the  bank  was  given  immediately." 

25  "  Give  us  quotations  on  these  goods  as  soon  as  possible." 

115 


FIFTY-NINTH  LESSON-Words  used  in  Business 

rebate 

r£-bat' 

To  discount    from;    an    unlawful 

discrimination. 

recoup 

revkoop' 

To  get  an  equivalent  or  compensa- 

tion for;   to  reimburse. 

recompense 

rek'-6m-p£ns 

To  return  an   equivalent;    to   re- 

munerate ;    to  pay  for. 

redeemable 

re-dem'-a-b'l 

Subject  to  repurchase. 

reimburse 

re-Im-burs' 

To  pay  back;   to  indemnify. 

referee 

re-fer-e' 

One  to  whom  a  thing  is  referred; 

arbitrator  ;    umpire. 

remittance 

re"-mlt'-tans 

The  act  of  transmitting  money  to 

a  distant    place;    the    sum    or 

thing  remitted. 

resources 

re-sors'-es 

Funds,    money,    or    any    property 

that  can  be  converted;  supplies. 

schedule 

skSd'-fel 

Catalog  ;   list  ;   inventory. 

solicit 

so-Hs'-It 

To  endeavor  to  obtain;    to  seek; 

to  ask;    to  request. 

solvent 

s6l'-vent 

Able  to  pay  all  just  debts. 

speculate 

sp£k'-u-lat 

To   buy   with   expectation   of   ad- 

vance in  value. 

stipulation 

stlp-u-la'-shun 

A  contracting  or  bargaining. 

surety 

shur'-ty 

Security  against  loss  or  damage. 

surplus 

sur'-plus 

More  than  sufficient;    excessive. 

subtreasury 

sub-tr§zh'-ury 

A  branch  of  the  U.  S.  treasury. 

syndicate 

sln'-dl-kat 

A  combination. 

sundries 

sun'-drlz 

Various  small  things. 

traffic 

traf'-fik 

Trade;    the    business    done    upon 

transportation  lines. 

transferable 

trans-feV-a-b'! 

Capable  of  being  transferred;    ne- 

gotiable. 

transaction 

trans-ak'-shun 

The   doing   or  performing  of  any 

business;    that  which  is  done. 

usury 

u'-zhu-ry 

Interest  in  excess  of  a  legal  rate. 

value 

val'-u 

To  appraise;    to  appreciate. 

valid 

val'-Id 

Having  legal  strength  or  force. 

warehouse 

war'-hous 

A  storehouse  ;   to  place  in  the  gov- 

ernment custom  house. 

Words  to  be  applied:    transportation,  equivalent,  shares,  wares 

116 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  A  rebate  of  importers'  duties  was  made  on  the  whole  lot." 

2  In  his  attempt  to  recoup  his  losses  in  the  stock  market  he  only 

plunged  himself  deeper  into  debt. 

3  "  He  cannot  recompense  me  by  it."    "  To  me  belongeth  vengeance 

and  recompense." 

4  A  pledge  securing  the  payment  of  money  is  redeemable. 

5  "  As  if  one  who  had  been  robbed  should  allege  that  he  had  a 

right  to  reimburse  himself  out  of  the  pocket  of  the  first  trav- 
eler he  met !  " 

6  "  The  boys  usually  asked  him  to  keep  the  score  or  to  referee  the 

matches  they  played." 

7  Remittance  will  be  made  on  the  15th. 

8  Resources  are  a  firm's  money  or  property;    liabilities  are  the 

debts  or  obligations  to  be  met. 

9  "  Chemicals  are  in  schedule  A  of  the  tariff  law." 

10  "  The  port  was  crowded  with  those  who  hastened  to  solicit  per- 

mission to  share  in  the  enterprise." 

11  "  The  firm  was  known  to  be  solvent" 

12  "  The  firm  continued  to  speculate  in  stocks  against  the  advice  of 

its  friends." 

13  "  The  stipulations  of  the  allied  powers,  to  furnish  each  his  con- 

tingent of  troops,  were  clear." 

14  "  He  that  is  surety  for  a  stranger  shall  smart  for  it." 

15  "  The  bank's  surplus  amounted  to  one  million  dollars." 

16  There  are  nine  subtreasuries,  situated  in  New  York,   Boston, 

Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  New 
Orleans,  and  San  Francisco. 

17  "In  the  panic  of  1866,  the  price  of  shares  in  many  banks  was 

artificially  raised  by  the  unscrupulous  cliques  or  syndicates." 

18  He  was  a  dealer  in  automobile  sundries  and  accessories. 

19  "  Traffic  over  this  line  this  season  has  been  abnormal."     "  Traffic 

in  these  goods  was  limited." 

20  "  These  tickets  are  not  transferable" 

21  "  A  transaction  is  something  already  done  and  completed." 

22  "  The  root  of  the  condemnation  of  usury  was  simply  an  error  in 

political  economy." 

23  "  Value  is  the  power  to  command  commodities  generally." 

24  We  speak  of  a  valid  claim,  a  valid  argument,  a  valid  instrument 

of  any  kind,  and  the  like. 

25  "  One-half  the  duty  was  to  be  paid  at  once  on  warehousing  the 

paper  in  a  warehouse  approved  by  the  customs." 

117 


SIXTIETH    LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

recoup 

supplement 

memorize 

timorous 

conscience 

marine 

fiduciary 

commission 

frivolous 

equitable 

delinquent 

muscle 

intercede 

symmetry 

naphtha 

valid 

buoyant 

certify 

obstinacy 

transferable 

convertible 

tangible 

zealous 

recompense 

parallel 

literature 

indenture 

velocity 

intercept 

mercenary 

vigorous 

surety 

plural 

technique 

resources 

medicine 

suspense 

franchise 

usually 

terminal 

qualified 

illegal 

balance 

niece 

rebellious 

obstacle 

typical 

vigilant 

physique 

nephew 

miraculous 

modeling 

valiant 

disburse 

indorser 

neuter 

clothier 

munificent 

nautical 

tremendous 

sanction 

solicit 

yielding 

mileage 

mortise 

wondrous 

schedule 

welfare 

canceled 

convertible 

transferred 

millinery 

forcible 

deteriorate 

merchandise 

textile 

omitted 

obdurate 

vestige 

medieval 

emergency 

motor 

tolerant 

synopsis 

supersede 

integrity 

guarantee 

metropolis 

exhilarate 

unequaled 

malicious 

describe 

acceptance 

syndicate 

unanimous 

miscreant 

collectible 

valleys 

admissible 

prejudice 

118 


CHAPTER  XIII 


TpVERYTHING  that  is  great  in  life  is  the 
-"  product  of  slow  growth;  the  newer,  and  greater, 
and  higher,  and  nobler  the  work,  the  slower  is  its 
growth,  the  surer  is  its  lasting  success.  Mushrooms 
attain  their  full  power  in  a  night;  oaks  require 
decades.  A  fad  lives  its  life  in  a  few  weeks;  a  phi- 
losophy lives  through  generations  and  centuries. 

— William  George  Jordan. 


119 


SIXTY-FIRST    LESSON-Commercial  Terms 

abstract  of  title 

A   brief   and   orderly   statement   of   the   original 

grant  and  subsequent  conveyances  and  incum- 

brances  relating  to  the  title  of  real  estate. 

accommodation 

A  note  given  as  an  accommodation  or  favor  in 

paper 

the  course  of  business. 

account  current 

An  open  or  running  account  between  two  or  more 

parties. 

account  sales 

A  written  statement  rendered  by  a  commission 

merchant  to  the  consignor  or  owner,  showing 

the  sales,  charges,  etc.,  on  a  consignment. 

ad  valorem  duty 

Duty  assessed  on  the  foreign  value  of  the  goods. 

accrued  interest 

Interest  earned  up  to  the  present  time. 

annual  assay 

The  annual  test  of  coins  by  the  U.  S.  Mint. 

articles  of 

A  written  agreement. 

agreement 

bank  clearings 

The  aggregate  amount  of  the  checks  and  drafts 

exchanged  by  the  banks  and  daily  adjusted. 

bank  statement 

A  statement  of  the  bank's  financial  condition. 

beneficiary 

Any  benefit  interest  in  a  contract. 

interest 

bill  of  exchange 

An  order  drawn  on  a  person  in  another  city  or 

county  for  payment  of  money,  in  lieu  of  the 

same  being  deposited  with  the  drawer. 

bill  of  lading 

A  written  acknowledgment  by  the  carrier  of  the 

receipt  of  goods  for  transportation. 

bill  of  sight 

A  note  payable  on  demand. 

boat  loads 

Refers  to  canal  boats,  and  not  to  ocean  vessels. 

bonded  debt 

A  debt  secured  by  bond  or  bonds. 

bonded  goods 

Goods  placed  in  a  bonded  warehouse. 

bonded 

A  storehouse  for  bonded  goods. 

warehouse 

bucket  shop 

An  office  or  a  place  where  facilities  are  given  for 

betting  small  sums  on  current  prices  of  stocks. 

buying  on  a 

Buying  at  regular  intervals  on  a  declining  market. 

scale 

by-bidder 

One  who  buys  at  an  auction  in  behalf  of  the  auc- 

tioneer or  the  owner. 

call  loans 

Money  loaned  subject  to  the  call  or  demand. 

capital  stock 

Money,  property,  or  stock  invested  in  any  business. 

certificate  of 

A  promise  on  the  part  of  the  bank  to  pay  on  the 

deposit 

return  of  certificate  properly  indorsed. 

certified  check 

A  bank  check,  the  validity  of  which  is  certified  to 

by  the  bank  on  which  it  is  drawn. 

Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences  :  referee,  resource,  seizaUe,  ivarrant 

120 


THE   WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  abstract  of  title  was  defective  because  of  an  unreleased 

mortgage. 

2  His  failure  was  traceable  to  his  lack  of  judgment  in  signing  too 

much  accommodation  paper. 

3  Among  the  enclosures  we  failed  to  find  the  account  current. 

4  We  hand  you  herewith  account  sales  of  consignment  of  apples. 

5  The  ad  valorem  duty  on  the  goods  is  too  high. 

6  The  accrued  interest  on  the  loan  is  $235.75. 

7  We  shall  make  full  statement  directly  after  the  annual  assay. 

8  The  articles  of  agreement  have  not  been  signed. 

9  The  lank  clearings  in  New  York  are  the  largest  of  any  city  in 

America. 

10  The  bank's  statement  was  published  yesterday. 

11  He  is  not  known  to  have  even  a  beneficiary  interest  in  it. 

12  We  have  to-day  sent  him  bill  of  lading  with  bill  of  exchange  at- 

tached. 

13  We  presume  he  will  attach  same  to  bill  of  sight.  • 

14  The  Erie  canal  gave  passage  to  two  hundred  boatloads  of  grain 

during  the  week. 

15  The  bonded  debt  of  the  company  is  $50,000. 

16  He  has  further  secured  us  by  bonded  goods  valued  at  $2,500. 

17  They  claim  to  have  these  goods  in  bonded  ivarehouse. 

18  He  has  been  known  to  speculate  in  bucket  shops. 

19  He  endeavored  to  even  up  matters  by  buying  on  a  scale. 

20  It  was  apparent  he  was  there  merely  as  a  by-bidder. 

21  They  are  reported  to  have  raised  a  considerable  fund  on  call 

loans. 

22  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  $250,000. 

23  It  is  further  secured  by  certificate  of  deposit  on  the  City  Bank. 

24  All  bids  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certified  check  for  $5,000. 

121 


SIXTY-SECOND    LESSON— Commercial  Terms 


chattel 

mortgage 
clearing-house 

collateral 

security 
common 

carrier 

common  stock 
commutation 

tickets 

covering  shorts 
current  funds 
custom-house 

days  of  grace 

debenture 

bonds 
discount  rate 

dutiable  goods 
evening-up 

exemplary 

damages 
liquidated 

damages 
franking 

privilege 
frozen  out 


Loan  and  trust 

company 
mercantile 

agency 

national  banks 
preferred  stock 

realizing  sales 

seller  of  the 
year 


A  mortgage  on  personal  property. 

The  house  where  banks  exchange  checks  held  by 

each  against  others,  and  settle  differences. 
Security  for  the  performance  of  covenants  or  the 

payment  of  money,  besides  the  principal  security. 
One  who  undertakes  the  office  of  carrying  goods  or 

persons  for  hire;    as  a  transportation  company. 
The  ordinary  shares  in  a  corporation. 
Tickets  sold  by  a  transportation  company  entitling 

the  holder  to  a  certain  number  of  rides. 
Buying  in  property  to  fill  contracts  previously  made. 
Money  in  general  circulation. 
The  house  or  office  where  commodities  are  entered 

for  importation  and  exportation. 
The  three  days  immediately  following  the  maturity 

of  a  bill  or  note. 
Notes  in  the  form  of  bonds. 

The  rate  per  cent  of  interest  charged  by  banks  for 
the  use  of  loaned  money. 

Goods  liable  to  duty. 

The  selling  out  of  property  previously  bought  or 
contracted  for. 

Damages  allowed  as  a  punishment  to  the  defend- 
ant for  malicious  or  aggravated  injury. 

Damages  determined  as  to  amount  either  by  agree- 
ment or  a  judgment. 

The  privilege  of  sending  matter  through  the  mails, 
by  express,  or  by  telegraph  without  charge. 

Set  of  deals  or  trades  closed  out  compulsorily  be- 
cause of  inability  to  further  protect  contracts 
with  re-margins. 

First-class ;  the  very  best. 

An  incorporated  banking  institution. 

A  concern  which  procures  information  relating  to 
the  financial  standing  and  credit  of  merchants. 

Banks  organized  under  national  laws. 

Stock  issued  by  a  corporation  which  takes  pre- 
cedence over  the  common  stock. 

Selling  property  or  closing  contracts  in  order  to 
realize  or  secure  profits. 

A  contract  giving  the  seller  the  right  of  delivering 
property  within  the  year. 


Words  to  be  applied  in  sentences :   stipend,  rectify,  receiver,  surety 

122 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  Five  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  stock  in  the  company  was  offered 

as  collateral  security  to  the  loan,  in  addition  to  a  chattel  mort- 
gage. 

2  The  clearing-house  saves  a  vast  amount  of  time  in  the  adjust- 

ment of  bank  balances. 

3  They  stand  liable  as  other  common  carriers.    The  dividends  on 

the  common  stock  are  payable  to-day. 

4  Commutation  tickets  for  less  than  twenty-five  rides  will  not  be 

sold. 

5  There  was  much  manipulation  done  to  cover  shorts.    The  current 

funds  were  not  adequate  to  relieve  the  market. 

6  These  goods  are  held  at  the  custom-house.     Days  of  grace  are 

not  now  recognized  in  many  states. 

7  The  receiver  held  that  the  debenture  bonds  would  be  paid  at 

maturity. 

8  We  cannot  do  so  at  present  discount  rates.    We  hold  that  under 

the  law  these  are  not  dutiable  goods. 

9  This  evening-up  was  a  source  of  much  discomfiture  to  the  presi- 

dent of  the  company. 

10  The  jury  is  instructed  that  if  such  is  the  case  the  defendant  is 

liable  for  exemplary  damages. 

11  His  failure  made  him  liable  for  the  liquidated  damages.     The 

senator  has  abused  his  franking  privilege.    It  is  said  that  he 
was  frozen  out. 

12  We  offer  a  block  of  $15,000  Washington  Mining  Company's  gilt- 

edge  bonds,  guaranteed  by  the  Merchants  Loan  and  Trust  Co. 

13  We  find  no  rating  by  any  of  the  mercantile  agencies.    The  pre- 

ferred stock  of  this  national  bank  is  guaranteed  to  pay  a  7 
per  cent  dividend. 

14  He  made  money  by  realizing  sales  rapidly.     His  seller-of-the- 

year  contract  saved  him. 

123 


SIXTY-THIRD    LESSON-Commercial  Terms 

short  market 

A  market  that  is  oversold. 

short  selling 

The  process  of  selling  property  for  future  delivery 

in  anticipation  of  being  able  to  buy  in  at  cheaper 

prices  before  "the  contracts  mature. 

sight  draft 

A  draft  or  bill  payable  on  presentation. 

sinking  fund 

A  fund  invested  in  such  a  manner  that  its  accu- 

mulations   enable    it    to    wipe    out    a    debt    at 

maturity. 

visible  supply 

Products    of    any    kind    available    for    immediate 

use. 

warehouse 
receipt 

A  receipt  issued  by  a  warehouseman  for  property 
received  by  him  for  storage. 

watered  stock 

An  increase  in  capitalization  without  a  correspond- 

ing increase  in  assets. 

without 

Recourse  :   the  right  to  exact  payment  from  a  party 

recourse 

secondarily   liable;     "without   recourse"    has   a 

negative  effect. 

internal 

Revenue  derived  from  excise  and  license  duties  and 

revenue 
legal  tender 

special  taxes  on  personal  property. 
Coin  or  other  money  that  may  legally  be  offered  in 

long  market 

payment  of  a  debt. 
A  market  that  is  overbought. 

manipulated 

A  market  under  artificial  control. 

market 

paper  profits 

Profits  on  contracts  not  yet  closed. 

power  of 

A  written  statement  given  by  one  person  authoriz- 

attorney 

ing  another  to  transact  business  for  him. 

specific  duty 

Duty  assessed  at  a  certain  rate  per  quantity. 

port  of  entry 

A  town  or  city  in  which  a  custom-house  is  located. 

bank  draft 

An  order  for  money  drawn  at  one  bank  and  pay- 

able at  another. 

itemized 

A  list  showing  all  the  items  purchased  during  a 

statement 

certain  period. 

trust  deed 

A  conveyance  of  property  to  one  party  to  be  held  in 

trust  for  another  or  others. 

real  estate 

Relating  or  pertaining  to  or  arising  out  of  land, 

lands  and  tenements. 

personal 

Property  that  may  attend  the  person  of  the  owner. 

property 

stock 

A  formal  instrument  issued  by  a  stock  company, 

certificate 

setting  forth  the  number  of  shares  of  stock  of 

which  the  holder  is  the  owner. 

Words  to  be  applied  :    redeemable,  shrinkage,  solvent,  taxation 

124 


limited 
liability 


reorganized 
corporation 


"  Limited  "  affixed  to  the  name  of  a  stock  company 
signifies  that  each  shareholder  is  liable  indefinitely 
to  the  company's  creditors  for  the  amount  only 
representing  the  value  of  the  shares  held  by  each. 

A  corporation  reorganized  after  becoming  embar- 
rassed or  unable  to  longer  profitably  proceed. 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  The  firm  went  down  in  a  short  market.    He  made  a  practice  of 

short  selling.     Please  attach  same  to  sight  draft. 

2  All  this,   aside  from  the  sinking  fund,  tended  to  give  the  people 

confidence  in  the  institution. 

3  The  visible  supply  of  wheat  would  not  justify  such  an  assump- 

tion. 

4  He  delivered  to  us  his  warehouse  receipt.     Most  of  this  was 

known  as  watered  stock. 

5  The  note  was  duly  signed  and  indorsed  "  without  recourse.91 

6  The  note  was  not  accepted  as  legal  tender  for  internal  revenue 

taxes. 

7  He  found  himself  overwhelmed  in  a  long  market.     They  con- 

cluded that  they  were  the  victims  of  a  manipulated  market. 

8  There  is  a  vast  difference  between  paper  profits  and  practical 

profits. 

9  To  back  up  his  statement,  he  produced  a  power  of  attorney.    An 

effort  was  made  to  change  it  from  specific  duty  to  ad  valorem. 

10  Owing  to  the  increase  in  population  and  shipments,  the  place 

is  likely  to  be  made  a  port  of  entry. 

11  Please  make  remittance  by  bank  draft  on  New  York.    We  inclose 

itemized  statement  as  requested.    They  have  executed  a  trust 
deed  for  this  property. 

12  His  real  estate  as  well  as  his  personal  property  interests  are 

reputed  to  be  large. 

13  The  stock  certificates  have  been  issued  by  this  limited  liability 

company. 

14  The  reorganized   corporation  is  said  to   be   on   a  sound   basis 

financially. 

125 


SIXTY-FOURTH    LESSON— Commercial  Terms 


consequential 

damages 
cross  trade 


errors  and  omis- 
sions excepted 
fixed  charges 

general  average 


investment  buy- 
ing 

marine  insurance 
on  call 

on  passage 
pound  sterling 

stop  order 
upset  price 

verbal  contract 
buyer-thirty 

cartage,  freight, 
and  insurance 

commission  mer- 
chant 

account  current 

order  bill  of 
lading 

collect  on 
delivery 

I.  O.  U.    ' 


joint  account 
letter  of  credit 


Those  not  an  immediate  result  of  the  act. 

A  method  by  which  brokers  fill  conflicting 
orders  to  buy  and  sell,  by  the  nominal  pur- 
chase and  sale  through  another  commission 
house. 

(Abbreviated  to  E.  and  O.  E.) 

Claims  upon  the  revenue  of  a  concern  which  it 
is  bound  by  contract  or  by  law  to  meet. 

A  term  used  in  maritime  insurance,  when  a  part 
of  a  cargo  is  sacrificed  for  the  benefit  of  the 
whole. 

Purchase  with  intention  to  hold  for  a  consider- 
able time.  [G.re. 

That  which  covers  all  risks  of  the  sea,  including 

A  loan  of  money  made  on  condition  that  it  must 
be  returned  the  day  it  is  called  for. 

Sale  of  a  cargo  while  at  sea. 

(£)  An  English  money  denomination,  equivalent 
to  the  sovereign  ($4.S6-f-  of  U.  S.  money). 

An  order  to  buy  or  sell  at  a  fixed  figure. 

The  lowest  price  at  which  goods  can  be  sold  in 
an  auction  sale. 

An  agreement  not  reduced  to  writing. 

Property  bought  subject  to  the  demand  of  the 
buyer  within  a  period  of  thirty  days. 

(Abbreviated  to  C.  F.  I.) 

One  who  buys  or  sells  another's  goods  on  com- 
mission. 

An  open  or  running  account. 

A  transferable  receipt  for  goods  delivered  to  a 
carrier  for  transportation. 

(Abbreviated  to  C.  O.  D.) 

(Abbreviation  for  "I  owe  you/')  A  memoran- 
dum of  a  debt  less  formal  than  a  promissory 
note,  there  being  no  direct  promise  to  pay. 

An  account  with  two  or  more  persons,  either  of 
whom  may  claim  the  benefits  thereof. 

A  notice  by  a  banker  that  the  person  named 
therein  is  entitled  to  draw  on  him,  up  to  a 
certain  amount. 

126 


per  centum 
seller's  option 


(Abbreviated  "per  cent")     By  the  hundred. 

The  right  to  deliver  the  thing  sold  at  any  time 
within  a  designated  number  of  days;  usually 
abbreviated  to  s.  o.  (as  s.  o.  3,  for  a  three-day's 
option). 


THE    WORDS    APPLIED 


1  "  Public  policy  forbids  recovery  of  consequential  damages." 

2  The  firm  was  forced  to  resort  to  a  cross  trade. 

3  The  message  was  taken  E.  and  O.  E. 

4  Dividends  could  not  be  paid  because  of  the  flxed  charges. 

5  The  company  objected  to  paying  general  average  on  its  goods. 

6  He  was  a  strong  believer  in  investment  buying. 

1  The  company  made  a  specialty  of  marine  insurance. 

8  The  bank  was  getting  10%  for  money  on  call. 

9  He  bought  the  grain  on  passage. 

10  His  annual  income  was  over  ten  thousand  pounds  sterling. 

11  Because  of  the  uncertain  condition  of  the  market,  a  stop  order 

was  issued  on  the  B.  &  O.  stock. 

12  The  upset  price  of  the  property  was  $5,000. 

13  Generally  a  verbal  contract  is  as  valid  as  if  it  were  a  written  one. 

14  You  may  place  our  order  for  the  goods,  buyer-thirty. 

15  The  price  quoted  includes  C.  F.  I. 

16  He  is  now  in  business  as  commission  merchant. 

17  The  firm  has  over  $10,000  in  accounts  current. 

18  An  order  bill  of  lading  is  transferable  by  indorsement. 

19  The  package  was  forwarded  C.  O.  D. 

20  I  will  give  you  my   7.  O.  U.  for  $25. 

21  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  opened  a  joint  account  with  the  First 

National  Bank. 

22  I  procured  a  letter  of  credit  for  $5,000  before  starting  abroad. 

23  This  bank  pays  interest  at  the  rate  of  three  per  centum  per 

annum. 

24  The  deal  was  closed  at  $5,000  s.  o.  8. 

127 


SIXTY-FIFTH  LESSON—  Review  and  General  Exercise 

reminiscence 

counterfeit 

existence 

necessarily 

purport 

precedence 

diphtheria 

culinary 

egotism 

accommodate 

conscious 

particle 

indispensable 

clearly 

recipient 

apparatus 

exquisite 

acclamation 

proxy 

blamable 

usurp 
intermittent 

grievous 
assassinate 

efficient 
competent 

command- 
[ment 
irrevocable 

strategic 

preferred 

exigency 

occasion 

irresistible 

accrued 

indisputable 

pronunciation 

appraise 

competitor 

plausible 

describe 

belligerent 

accumulate 

launder 

equation 

reparable 

pretense 

obligatory 

symmetry 

spontaneous 

admissible 

civilization 

contestants 

civilize 

exhilarate 

peremptory 

separate 

permissible 

compelled 

accessory 

amenable 

manifest 

occurrence 

despicable 

license 

perceptible 

aspirant 

specific 

aggregate 

disputant 

effervesce 

intercede 

pittance 

tangible 

visible 

debit 

nuisance 

controversy 

exaggerate 

certificate 

continually 

inflammable 

prejudice 

fascinate 

judgment 

prestige 
intersperse 

mischievous 
supervise 

combative- 
[ness 
criticise 

omissions 
naphtha 

factorage 

itemized 

vivacious 

laundry 

hygienic 

supersede 

eccentric 

embarrass 

128 


CHAPTER  XIV 


T  T  THEN  I  consider  what  some  books  have  done 
for  the  world,  and  what  they  are  doing,  how 
they  keep  up  our  hope,  awaken  new  courage  and 
faith,  soothe  pain,  give  an  ideal  life  to  those  whose 
hours  are  cold  and  hard,  bind  together  distant  ages 
and  foreign  lands,  create  new  worlds  of  beauty, 
bring  down  Truth  from  heaven;  I  give  eternal  bless- 
ings for  this  gift,  and  thank  God  for  books. 

— James  Freeman  Clarke. 


129 


SIXTY-SIXTH   LESSON-Latin  Words  and  Phrases 

per  diem 

per  di'-em 

By  the  day. 

pro  and  con 

pro  and  kon 

For  and  against. 

pro  rata 

pro'  ra'-ta 

In  proportion. 

prima  facie 

pri'-ma  fa'-shl-e 

On  the  face. 

per  annum 

per  an'-num 

By  the  year. 

pro  forma 

pro  fdr'-ma 

In  a  formal  way. 

per  capita 

per  kap'-I-ta 

By  the  head. 

post  scriptum 

post  skrlpt'-tum 

Written  after. 

per  se 

per  se 

By  itself. 

pro  tempore 

pro  tem'-po-re 

For  the  time. 

per  centum 

per  s6n'-tum 

By  the  hundred. 

post  mortem 

post  mdr'-tem 

After  death. 

French 

Words 

corps 

kor 

A  number  or  body  of  persons  in  some  way 

associated  or  acting  together. 

apropos 

ap-ro-p5' 

Suited  to 

the  time,  place  or  occasion. 

trousseau 

troo'-so' 

A  bride's 

outfit,  especially  of  clothing. 

coterie 

k6'-te-re' 

A  set  or  circle  of  friends  who  meet  habitu- 

ally for 

any  purpose,  as  for  social  or  lit- 

erary  entertainment. 

elite 

a'-let' 

The  choicest  part,  especially  in  society  ;  the 

pick  ;   the  flower. 

parquet 

fpar-ka'  \ 
{  par-ket'  / 

The  enclosed  space  on  the  main  floor  of  a 
theater  between  the  orchestra  rail  and  the 

rail  immediately  under  the  gallery  line. 

vignette 

vm-yet' 

To  make  with  a  fading  background  or  bor- 

der, as  a  photograph. 

prestige 

pres'-tlj 

Authority 

or    importance    based   on   past 

achievement  or  gained  from  the  appear- 

ance of 

power  or  ability  ;   moral  influence 

of  reputation  or  a  former  character  or 

success. 

piquant 

/  pe'-kant  \ 
\  plk'-ant  / 

Having  an  agreeable,  pungent  taste;   racy; 
sparkling  ;   lively. 

resume 
prote'ge' 

ra'-zu'-ma' 
pro'-t&'-zha' 

A  recapitulation  or  summary. 
One  specially  cared  for  and  favored  by  an- 

*r 

other,  usually  older,  person. 

cafe 

ka'-fi 

' 

A  coffee  house  or  restaurant. 

ennui 

aN'-nwe-' 

Mental   weariness  produced  by   satiety  or 

lack  of  interest. 

130 


Adapted  from  the  Manuals  of  Style 


When  the  Hyphen  is  Used 


1.  Compound  adjectives  generally  take  the  hyphen:    a  75-horse 
power  engine,  asked-for  opinion,  state-bank  notes.     In  applying  this 
rule  care  must  be  taken  not  to  confuse  the  qualifying  word  with  the 
subject  word.     Observe  the  following  forms :    young  school-teacher, 
common-school  teacher,  high*school  teacher. 

2.  A  present  or  past  participle  with  a  noun  or  an  adjective  may 
take  the  hyphen  in  such  expressions  as :     ivell-dealing  countrymen, 
soul-killing  witches,  sap-consuming  winter. 

3.  Adverbs  ending  in  "  ly  "  are  not  usually  compounded  with  ad- 
jectives which  they  qualify ;   as,  "  nicely  kept  lawn."    But  words  like 
"  above,"  "  ill,"  "  well,"  "  so,"  etc.,  are  compounded  in  such  expres- 
sions as  "  the  well-known  writer,"  "  the  so-called  tariff  reform,"  "  the 
last-named  article,"  etc. 

4.  In  fractional  numbers,  spelled  out,  connect  by  a  hyphen  the 
numerator  and  the  denominator,   unless   either  already  contains  a 
hyphen:       three-fourths,     one     twenty-first,     one     one-hundred-and- 
tiventieth,    one-quarter. 

5.  When  used  adjectively,  the  expressions  "  first-class,"  "  second- 
class,"  etc.,  are  to  be  hyphened ;   otherwise  they  should  be  printed  as 
two  words :    a  first-class  passage,  a  ship  of  the  first  class. 

6.  Omit  the  hyphen  in  such  Latin  forms  as  "  an  ex  officio  mem- 
ber," "  per  diem  employees,"  etc. 

7.  Generally  hyphen  two  or  more  words  combined  into  one  adjec- 
tive preceding  a  noun:    rock-bottom  prices,  gilt-edge  stocks,  stay-at- 
home  voter. 

8.  Ordinarily   words   denoting   occupation   should   be  hyphened: 
book-dealer. 

9.  Compounds  of  "store'*  should  be  hyphened  when  the  prefix 
contains  one  syllable ;    otherwise  not :    drug-store,  but  grocery  store. 

10.  Compounds   of    "  fellow "  are  always  hyphened :    fellow-men, 
play- fellow. 

11.  Compounds   of    "  life "  and  "  world "  require  a  hyphen :    life- 
history,  world-power;  but  lifetime. 

12.  Compounds    of  "  master  "  should  be  hyphened :   master-builder 
(exception :    masterpiece). 

13.  "  Half,"    "  quarter,"  etc.,  combined  with  a  noun  should  be  fol- 
lowed by  a  hyphen:    half-truth,  half-tone,  quarter-deck. 

14.  Compounds   of   "  self "  are  hyphened :    self-evident. 

131 


OT-VT'X/   r-T^T  r-r-T  T     T   T-«  r-  e>  /^\^t       Adapted  from  the  Manuals  of  Style 
SIXTY-EIGHTH     LESSON—  °*  fhe  University   of   Chicago  Press 

and  the  Government  Printing  Office. 


When  the  Hyphen  is  Used  —  Continued 


15.  "Vice,"   "ex,"   "elect,"   "general,"   and   "lieutenant"   consti- 
tuting parts  of  titles  should  be  connected  with  the  chief  noun  by  a 
hyphen:    Ex-President  Roosevelt. 

16.  Compounds  of  "  by  "  should  be  hyphened  :    'by-product,  by-laws. 

17.  The  prefixes  "  co-,"  "  pre-,"  and  "  re-,"  when  followed  by  the 
same  vowel  as  that  in  which  they  terminate,  take  a  hyphen,  but  as  a 
rule  they  do  not  when  followed  by  a  different  vowel  or  a  consonant: 
co-operation,  pre-empted,  re-enter;   but,  reindex,  reinstate,  coadjutor, 
preordained. 

18.  "  Non  "  ordinarily  calls  for  a  hyphen  except  in  the  commonest 
words:    non-contagious;   but  nonsense. 

19.  "  Extra,"  "  infra  "  and  "  supra  "  as  a  rule  call  for  a  hyphen  ; 
extra-hazardous;   infra-auxiliary;    supra-angular. 

20.  Compounds    of     "  father,"     "  mother,"     "  brother,"     "  sister," 
"  daughter,"  and  "  parent  "  with  "  foster  "  should  be  hyphened. 

21.  Compounds   of   the   following   when   prefixed   are   ordinarily 
hyphened  : 

able-  false-  old-  safe- 

clean-  full-  on-  set- 

cool-  great-  open-  sight- 

deep-  half-  photo-  simple- 

diamond-  ill-  plain-  sound- 

dim-  large-  poor-  subject- 

double-  light-  public-  truth- 

evil-  make-  re-  (again)          un-  (when  followed 

faint-  money-  right-  by  a  capital) 

fair-  narrow- 

22.  The  exceptions  to  the  foregoing  are: 

Doubletree  ;  adjectives  and  adverbs  of  "full  "  take  the  hyphen  ; 
makeshift  ;  makeweight  ;  onrush  ;  onset  ;  onto  ;  openwork  ;  plains- 
man, poorhouse. 

23.  Compounds  of  "photo"   are  hyphened  when   followed   by   a 
word  beginning  with  "  e  "  ;    the  others  one  word. 

24.  In  the  sense  of  again  the  compounds  of  "  re  "  are  hyphened, 
as  in  re-ally,  re-collect,  re-cover,  etc. 

25.  Compounds  of  "  un  "  are  hyphened  when  they  begin  with  a 
capital  :     un-American. 

132 


.___  rr__  ,   .  TT.  Trn_T  T     Y    T-«  ,->, /->,  ^-v  x  •       Adapted  from  the  Manuals  of  Style  of 
SIXTY-NINTH     LESSON— ^e  University  of  Chicago  Press  and  the 

Government  Printing  Office. 


When  the  Hyphen  is  Not  Used 


1.  Compounds  of  "book,"  "  house,"  "  mill,"  "  room,"  "  shop  "  and 
"  work  "  when  the  prefix  noun  contains  only  one  syllable :    handbook, 
boathouse,  handmill,  classroom,  tinshop. 

2.  "Semi,"  " demi,"  " bi,"  "  tri,"  etc.,  do  not  ordinarily  require  a 
hyphen:   semiannual,  biiveekly. 

3.  Combinations   with   "  fold "   do  not  contain  a  hyphen  if  the 
number  contains  only  one  syllable;  if  it  contains  more,  the  words  are 
separated:    twofold,  a  hundred  fold. 

4.  Adjectives  formed  by  the  suffixion  of  "like"  to  a  noun  are 
usually  'printed  as  one  word  if  the  noun  contains  only  one  syllable 
(except  when  ending  in  "1")  ;    if  it  contains  more   (or  is  a  proper 
noun)  they  should  be  hyphened:    childlike,  homelike;   but,  business- 
like,  girl-like,  Christ-like. 

5.  Omit  the  hyphen  from  "viewpoint,"  "standpoint" 

6.  "  Over "  and  "  under "  prefixed  to  a  word  should  not  be  fol- 
lowed by  a  hyphen,  except  in  rare  cases :   overbold,  underfed. 

1.  The  prefixes  "ante,"  "anti,"  "inter,"  "intra,"  "post,"  "sub" 
and  "  super  "  do  not  ordinarily  require  a  hyphen. 

8.  Compounds  of  the  following,  when  prefixed,  are  ordinarily  one 
compact  word: 

auto  forth  play  under 

back  in  post  up 

blue  land  rough  war 

book  law  school  way 

check  night  semi  when 

church  north  ship  whence 

counter  off  star  where 

down  other  step  which 

draw  out  thorough  white 

ever  over  trans  who 

fire  para  ultra  work 

9.  The  exceptions  to  the  foregoing  are : 

Blue-eyed;  blue- veined;  book-learned;  in-going;  law-abiding; 
post-office;  post-road;  school-ship;  school-teacher;  school-teaching; 
star-chamber ;  step-up ;  step-down ;  under-age ;  under-grown ;  up-to- 
date;  up-line;  war-beaten. 

10.  Adjectives  of  "  night "  and  "  white  "  take  a  hyphen ;    "  trans  " 
when  followed  by  a  capital  is  hyphened. 

133 


SEVENTIETH   LESSON 

The  following  abbreviations  are  advised  by  the  Postoffice  Depart- 

ment :     "  Names  of  States  should  be  written  in  full  (or  their  abbre- 

viations very  distinctly)  in  order  to  prevent  errors  which  arise  from 

the  similarity  of  such  abbreviations  as  Cal.,  Colo.,  la.,  Pa.,  Va.,  Vt, 

Me.,  Mo.,  Nebr.,  Nev.,  N.  H.,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  N.  C.,  D.  C.,  Miss., 

Penn.,  Tenn.,  etc.,  when  hastily  or  carelessly  written.    This  is  espe- 

cially necessary  in  addressing  mail  matter  to  places  of  which  the 

names  are  borne  by  several  post-offices  in  different  states." 

Ala.         Alabama 

Nev.            Nevada 

Ariz.       Arizona 

N.  H.          New  Hampshire 

Ark.        Arkansas 

N.  J.            New  Jersey 

Cal.         California 

N.  Mex.      New  Mexico 

Colo.       Colorado 

N.  Y.           New  York 

Conn.     Connecticut 

N.  C.           North  Carolina 

Del.        Delaware 

N.  Dak.      North  Dakota 

D.  C.       District  of  Columbia 

Okla.           Oklahoma 

Fla.         Florida 

Oreg.           Oregon 

Ga.          Georgia 

Pa.               Pennsylvania 

IU.          Illinois 

P.  I.             Philippine  Islands 

Ind.        Indiana 

P.  R.            Porto  Bico 

Kans.      Kansas 

B.  I.            Rhode  Island 

Ky.         Kentucky 

S.  C.             South  Carolina 

La.          Louisiana 

S.  Dak.       South  Dakota 

Me.         Maine 

Tenn.          Tennessee 

Md.         Maryland 

Tex.            Texas 

Mass.      Massachusetts 

Vt.               Vermont 

Mich.      Michigan 

Va.              Virginia 

Minn.     Minnesota 

Wash.         Washington 

Miss.       Mississippi 

W.  Va.        West  Virginia 

Mo.         Missouri 

Wis.            Wisconsin 

Mont.     Montana 

Wyo.           Wyoming 

Nebr.      Nebraska 

Alaska,  Guam,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Samoa,  and  Utah 

are  not  abbreviated. 

134 


CHAPTER  XV 


H,  to  build,  to  build! 

That  is  the  noblest  art  of  all  the  arts. 
Painting  and  sculpture  are  but  images, 
Are  merely  shadows  cast  by  outward  things 
On  stone  or  canvas,  having  in  themselves 
No  separate  existence.     Architecture, 
Existing  in  itself,  and  not  in  seeming 
A  something  it  is  not,  surpasses  them 
As  substance  shadow* 

— Longfellow. 


135 


OI-*T  rr-'xTT'X/  r-'Tr^OT1      T    TT"O/^vXT       Cities  of  the  United  States  with  more 
SEVLN  1  Y  -FIRST      LLobUIN  than  one  hundred   thousand  popula- 
tion.    (1910  Census.) 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Chicago,  111. 

Denver,  Colo. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Portland,  Oreg. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Toledo,  Ohio. 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Oakland,  Cal. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Worcester,  Mass. 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Birmingham,  Ala. 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Scranton,  Pa. 

Newark,  N.  J. 

Richmond,  Va. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Paterson,  N.  J. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Omaha,  Nebr. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Fall  River,  Mass. 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dayton,  Ohio. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Nashville,  Tenn. 

Seattle,  Wash. 

Lowell,  Mass. 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Providence,  R.  I. 

Spokane,  Wash. 

Louisville,  Ky. 

Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

136 

SEVENTY-SECOND   LESSON—  Names  °f  <i£fL  Difflcult  to 

Alameda 

Guthrie 

Reading 

Albuquerque 

Houston 

Sacramento 

Anaconda 

Janesville 

San  Bernardino 

Asheville 

Joplin 

San  Diego 

Baton  Rouge 

Kalamazoo 

San  Jose 

Beatrice 

Kankakee 

Santa  Cruz 

Bellaire 

La  Salle 

Schenectady 

Beaumont 

Las  Vegas 

Seattle 

Brattleboro 

Los  Angeles 

Shamokin 

Butte 

Lynchburg 

Shreveport 

Champaign 

Marietta 

Spokane 

Chattanooga 

Massillon 

Streator 

Charleston 

Natchez 

Tacoma 

Charlestown 

Olympia 

Tahleqi^ah 

Cheyenne 

Oshkosh 

Tallahassee 

Corsicana 

Oskaloosa 

Terre  Haute 

Dallas 

Ottawa 

Texarkana 

Dubuque 

Paducah 

Tucson 

Eau  Claire 

Pasadena 

Vandalia 

Edmonton 

Paterson 

Vincennes 

El  Paso 

Phoenix 

Waco 

Fitchburg 

Pierre 

Wilkes-Barre 

Fond  du  Lac 

Poughkeepsie 

Winona 

Fresno 

Pueblo 

Xenia 

Galion 

Raleigh 

Ypsilanti 

Ask  the  student  to  locate  the  cities  given  here,  and  write  the 
proper  abbreviations  for  the  states  in  which  they  are  located. 

137 


SEVENTY-THIRD    LESSON—  Largest  Gties  in  the  World 

CITY 

PBONUNCIATION 

COUNTBY   OB   STATE 

London 

Lun'-dun 

England 

New  York 

New  Y6rk 

New  York 

Paris 

ParMs 

France 

Chicago 

She-ka'-go 

Illinois 

Berlin 

Ber-len' 

Prussia 

Philadelphia 

Fll-a-del'-fl-a 

Pennsylvania 

Canton 

Kan'-ton 

China 

Tokyo 

To'-ke-o 

Japan 

Vienna 

Ve-Sn'-a 

Austria 

St.  Petersburg 

St  Pe'-terz-burg 

Russia 

Peking  or  Pekin 

Pe-klng* 

China 

Moscow 

M6s'-kd 

Russia 

Constantinople 

K6n-stan'-tl-no'-pl 

Turkey 

Calcutta 

Kal-kftt'-ta 

India 

Bombay 

B6m-ba' 

India                         [S.A. 

Buenos  Ayres 

Bo'-nfls  a'-rlz 

Argentine  Republic, 

Warsaw 

War'-sa 

Poland 

Fuchau 

Poo-Choo' 

China 

Cairo 

KT'-r5 

Egypt 

Naples 

Na'-p'ls 

Italy 

Rio  Janeiro 

Re'-6  Ja-ne'-ro 

Brazil 

Liverpool 

Llv'-er-pool 

England 

Manchester 

Man'-ch^s-ter 

England 

Brussels 

Brus'-s6lz 

Belgium 

Amsterdam 

Am'-ster-dam 

Holland 

Antwerp 

Ant'-werp 

Belgium 

Bangkok 

Bang-k6k' 

Siam 

Barcelona 

Bar-se-lo'-na 

Spain 

Belfast 

Bfil'-fast 

Ireland 

Birmingham 

Ber'-mlng-um 

England 

Bordeaux 

B6r-do' 

France 

138 


SEVENTY-FOURTH  LESSON-Largest  Cities  in  the  World 

CITY 

PRONUNCIATION 

COUNTEY  OB  STATE 

Bradford 

Brad'-ford 

England 

Breslau 

Bres'-lou 

Prussia 

Bucharest 

Bu-ka-rest' 

Roumania 

Budapesth 

Bdo'-d6-p6st 

Hungary 

Carlsbad 

Karls'-bat 

Austria 

Cologne 

K6-16n' 

Germany 

Copenhagen 

K6-p£n'-ha'-gen 

Denmark 

Dresden 

Dr6z'-den 

Saxony 

Dublin 

Dub'-Hn 

Ireland 

Edinburgh 

Ed'-In-bur-ro 

Scotland 

Genoa 

Jen'-6-a 

Italy 

Glasgow 

Glas'-go 

Scotland 

Hamburg 

Ham-burg 

Germany 

Havana 

Ha-van'-a 

Cuba 

Heidelberg 

Hi'-d'l-burg 

Germany 

Kioto 

K£-6'-td 

Japan 

Lisbon 

Llz'-bun 

Portugal 

Lisle 

Lei 

France 

Lucknow 

Luk'-now 

India 

Lyons 

Li'-iinz 

France 

Madrid 

Ma-drld' 

Spain 

Marseilles 

Mar-salz' 

France 

Melbourne 

Mel'-b^rn 

Australia 

Milan 

MMan' 

Italy 

Munich 

Mu'-nlk 

Bavaria 

Nottingham 

Not'-Ing-am 

England 

Odessa 

6-d6s'-sa 

Russia 

Shanghai 

Shang'-ha'-I 

China 

Sheffield 

Sh6f'-feld 

England 

Stockholm 

St6k'-holm 

Sweden 

Sydney 

Sld'-ny 

Australia 

Turin 

Tu'-rln 

Italy 

139 


SEVENT 

Y-  FIFTH    LESSON—  Abbreviations 

NOTE.  —  Some  abbreviations  occur  only  within  sentences  and  should  begin  with  a 
small  letter.     When  such  abbreviations  as  cts.  t  f.o.b.,  amt.t  acct.,  etc.,  occur  within  a 
sentence,  use  small  letters. 

Ans.  or  ans. 

answer 

viz. 

namely 

St. 

street 

i.  e. 

that  is 

No.  or  no. 

number 

e.g. 

for  example 

Cts.,  cts.  or  O. 

cents 

F.O.B.or£.6.b. 

free  on  board 

A.  M. 

forenoon 

ea. 

each 

P.M. 

afternoon 

B/L 

bill  of  lading 

M. 

noon 

Al 

first-class 

Mr. 

mister 

C.  0.  D. 

cash  on  delivery 

Dr. 

doctor  or  debtor 

Bal. 

balance 

Or. 

creditor 

Bo.  or  do. 

ditto  (the  same) 

Gov. 

governor 

Mrs. 

mistress 

Hon. 

honorable 

Gen.  or  gen. 

general 

Ex. 

example 

P.O. 

post-office 

Acct.  or  a/c 

account 

Capt. 

captain 

Amt.  or  amt. 

amount 

Ed. 

editor 

Int.  or  int. 

interest 

A.D. 

year  of  our  Lord 

Jr.  or  jr. 

junior 

Pop.  or  pop. 

population 

R.  R. 

railroad 

Chap. 

chapter 

ult. 

last  month 

Pres.  | 

president 

inst. 

this  month 

Supt. 

superintendent 

prox. 

next  month 

Dept. 

department 

P- 

page 

Mem. 

memorandum 

per  cent 

by  the  hundred 

Vol.  or  vol. 

volume 

<D  • 

at  or  to 

Fol.  or  f  ol. 

folio 

Qr.  or  qr. 

quarter 

Sec. 

secretary 

c/o 

care  of 

et  al. 

and  others 

vs. 

against 

Agt. 

agent 

140 


CHAPTER  XVI 


A  WORD  that  has  been  said  may  sometimes  be 
•**•  unsaid — it  is  but  air — but  when  a  deed  is  done, 
it  cannot  be  undone,  nor  can  our  thoughts  reach  out 
to  all  the  mischiefs  that  may  follow. — Longfellow. 


141 


SEVENTY-SIXTH   LESSON—  Architecture,  Building  Trades 

"The  architect  built  his  great  heart  into  those  sculptured  stones."  —  Longfellow. 

aisle 

cornice 

jamb 

parquetry 

alcove 

corridor 

joists 

partition 

amphitheater 

courses 

keystone 

pavilion 

architect 

dimensions 

kiln-dried 

pedestal 

architrave 

Doric 

lavatory 

pediment 

ashlar 

engineering 

level 

peristyle 

asphalt 

escutcheon 

lobby 

piazza 

balustrade 

excavation 

loggia 

plastering 

basement 

extension 

longitudinal 

porte-cochere 

bas-relief 

facade 

lumber 

portico 

bridging 

faucet 

macadam 

proscenium 

caisson 

flashing 

mahogany 

quarry 

calcimine 

flues 

mantel 

quoin 

carpentry 

foundation 

masonry 

rabbet 

ceiling 

furring 

molding 

Romanesque 

cement 

gable 

mortar 

rotunda 

chamfered 

gallery 

mortise 

rubble 

clapboards 

galvanized 

mosaic 

scroll 

column 

girders 

mullion 

specification 

composite 

glazing 

newel 

structural 

conduit 

Gothic 

niche 

stucco 

conservatory 

granite 

offset 

suite 

construction 

gravel 

oriel 

transom 

coping 

housing 

ornament 

Tuscan 

Corinthian 

Ionic 

panel 

ventilation 

142 


SEVENTY-SEVENTH  LESSON—  Automobilf-^cle3-Ga3 

"For  they  conquer  who  believe  they  can."  —  Drjjdcn. 

accumulator 
acetylene 

cut-off 
cyclometer 

interchange- 
table 
landau 

spanner 
spark  plug 

aluminum 

deflate 

limousine 

sprocket 

ammeter 

detachable 

lubricant 

steering-bar 

armature 

differential 

mechanism 

tabular 

artillery 

eccentric 

multiple 

tandem 

beveled 

elliptic 

non-skidding 

tarpaulin 

bicycle 

enameled 

petrol 

template 

brougham 

en  bloc 

pinion 

tenon 

buffer 

exhaust 

piston 

throttle 

carbide 

expansion 

planetary 

thrust 

carbureter 
centrifugal 

explosion 
forgings 

pneumatic 
projector 

tightener 
tonneau 

chassis 

friction 

puncture 

torque 

chauffeur 

garage 

quadrant 

touring  car 

chrome 

gasket 

radiator 

vaporizing 

circuit 

gasoline 

ratchet 

vehicle 

clinch 

goggles 

reflector 

ventilator 

clutch 

grease 

reservoir 

vibration 

coefficient 

hexagon 

rotary 

victoria 

combustion 

ignition 

runabout 

voltage 

commutator 

incandescent 

seamless 

voltmeter 

compression 

induction 

segment 

vulcanized 

condenser 

inflate 

silencer 

water-jacket 

countersunk 

insulator 

socket 

weld 

143 


SEVENTY-EIGHTH    LESSON-Civil  Engineering 

"Our  understandings  are  always  liable  to  error.     Nature  and  certainty  are  very 
hard  to  come  at  and  infallibility  is  mere  vanity  and  pretense."  —  Marcus  Antoninus. 

abutment 

data 

maintenance 

sextant 

air-com- 
[pressor 
alignment 

apparatus 

deviation 

disintegra- 
tion 
dowel 

malleable 
material 
mattress 

shearing 
siphon 
sluice 

aqueduct 
artesian 

drainage 
ductile 

metallic 
mortar 

specific 
[gravity 
stability 

ballast 

elasticity 

mortise 

statics 

barometer 

engineer 

ordinates 

strut 

Bessemer 

equilibrium 

parabola 

survey 

bituminous 

excavation 

parallel 

suspension 

buttress 

explosives 

perimeter 

tension 

calcareous 

filtration 

pile  driver 

thrust 

cantilever 

geodetic 

pillars 

torsion 

carbonate 

girder 

polygon 

traction 

cinders 

gradient 

pontoon 

tramway 

channel 

gravity 

protractor 

transit 

cofferdam 

homogeneous 

puddling 

transverse 

collapse 

horizontal 

quarries 

triangulation 

components 
concrete 

hydraulic 
hydrostatic 

reconnais- 
[sance 
reservoir 

trigonometry 
trunnions 

conduits 

impinge 

resilience 

truss 

contour 

inertia 

rigidity 

vertical 

corrugated 

irrigation 

rivet 

viaduct 

crevasse 

laminations 

roller 

vitrified 

culvert 

lateral 

saturate 

zinc 

144 


SEVENTY-NINTH  LESSON—  Drygoods—  Textiles 

"The  man  who  is  above  his  business  may  one  day  find  his  business  above  him."  — 
Drew. 

aigrette 

corduroy 

iridescent 

pique 

a  la  mode 

corsage 

kersey 

poplin 

Amazon 

cravenette 

khaki 

raglan 

applique 

crepon 

lingerie 

ruching 

armure 

cretonne 

Macintosh 

selvage 

baize 

damask 

madras 

serge 

balbriggan 

decollete 

Manila 

serpentine 

balmoral 

delineator 

mauve 

shoddy 

batiste 

dimity 

melange 

Sicilian 

bedticking 

denim 

mercerize 

silesia 

bobbinet 

doeskin 

merino 

singeing 

buckram 

etamine 

milliner 

skein 

camel's-hair 

fagoting 

modiste 

taffeta 

cardigan 

featherbone 

mohair 

tarlatan 

cassimere 

fibrilia 

moire 

textile 

cassock 

fichu 

moirette 

trousers 

celluloid 

Florentine 

moleskin 

tulle 

challis 

frieze 

moreen 

tweed 

chambray 

gobelin 

nainsook 

upholstery 

chamois 

grenadine 

negligee 

valance 

chenille 

guipure 

organdie 

valentia 

cheviot 

haberdasher 

pajamas 

velours 

chevron 

Henrietta 

penang 

whalebone 

chinchilla 

herringbone 

percale 

worsted 

chintz 

interlining 

pinafore 

zephyr 

145 


EIGHTIETH  L  E  S  S  O  N-Electrical 

John  Ruskin  says:  *'  Words  as  well  as  persons  have  an  ancestry;  and  some  words 
have  in  their  veins  the  blood  of  lions.     One  of  these  words  is  liberty." 

accumulator 

countershaft 

impedance 

rectifier 

alternating 

demagnetize 

incandescence 

residual 

amalgamation 

depolarizer 

inductance 

resultant 

ammeter 

diffractive 

induction  coil 

rheostat 

ampere 

dynamometer 

inductivity 

saturation 

amperemeter; 

dynamos 

kilowatt 

simplex 

annular 

electrode 

kinetic 

single-phase 

anode 

electrodynamic 

luminescence 

solenoid 

anti-parallel 

electrolier 

luminometer 

spherical 

armature 

electrolysis 

Marconi 

step-down 

asbestos 

electrometer 

microphone 

switchboard 

bimetallic 
Bunsen 

electro-motive 
force  (E.M.F.) 
electropolar 

millimeter 
milliampere 

synchronous 
tangential 

calibration 

electrostatic 

millivolt 

thermo-electric 

calorimeter 
candle-power 

electro- 
therapeutics 
equalizer 

multipolar 
non-  arcing 

thermostat 
torque 

cathode 

exciter 

non-conductor 

transformer 

centrifugal 

Faradie 

ohmic 

tungsten 

coefficient 

Faure 

ohmmeter 

vitrified 

coherer 

filament 

reactance 

voltage 

commutator 
compensator 

five-phase 
system 
fuse  blocks 

permeance 
platinum 

volt-  ampere 
watt 

concentric 

galvanic 

polarity 

wattmeter 

conduit 

gassing 

polarization 

Westinghouse 

controller 

gutta-percha 

polyphase 

X-ray 

146 


CHAPTER  XVII 


question  for  each  man  to  settle  is  not  what 
he  would  do  if  he  had  the  means,  time,  influ- 
ence and  educational  advantages;  the  question  is 
what  he  will  do  with  the  things  he  has.  The  mo- 
ment a  young  man  ceases  to  dream  or  to  bemoan 
his  lack  of  opportunities  and  resolutely  looks  his 
conditions  in  the  face,  and  resolves  to  change  them, 
he  lays  the  corner-stone  of  a  solid  and  honorable 
success. — Hamilton  Wright  Mabie. 


147 


EIGHTY-FIRST   LESSON—  Furniture  and  Carpets 

"Pedantry  consists  in  the  use  of  words  unsuitable  to  the  time,  place  and  company." 
—  Coleridge. 

adjustable 

davenport 

mattress 

reversible 

antique 

decorated 

mission 

Rococo 

Antwerp 

divan 

mohair 

rustic 

Axminster 

elaborately 

moquette 

seasoned 

bamboo 

enamel 

moldings 

sectional 

bird's-eye 

escritoire 

oriental 

settee 

maple 

brocatelle 

excelsior 

Ostermoor 

sideboard 

Brussels 

fabrikoid 

ottoman 

Smyrna 

buffet 

Flemish 

oxidized 

spindlesj 

burlap 

flexible 

panels 

spiral 

cane-seat 

furniture 

partition 

suite 

caster 

hassock 

pedestal 

tabourette 

cheval 

helical  springs 

perambulator 

tapestry 

chiffonier 

ingrain 

pillars 

upholstered 

Chippendale 

Japanese 

plaited 

velours 

china-closet 

jardiniere 

polished 

veneer 

colonial 

knock-down 

princess 

Vernis  Martin 

commode 

lacquer 

quarter-sawed 

wardrobe 

corduroy 

linoleum 

ratchet 

warp 

corrugated 

locust 

rattan 

waterproof 

Crex 

lounge 

reed-seat 

weathered 

cupboard 

luster 

refrigerator 

willow  ware 

curtain 

malleable 

reinforced 

Wilton 

iron 

cushion 

mantel 

renovate 

worsted 

damask 

matting 

resilient 

woven 

148 


EIGHTY-SECOND    L  E  S  S  O  N-Groceries 

"The  importunities  and  perplexities  of  business  are  softness  and  luxury  compared 
with  the  incessant  cravings  of  vacancy  and  the  unsatisfactory  expedients  of  idleness." 
—  Johnson. 

allspice 

cinnamon 

lentils 

rhubarb 

almond 

citron 

lettuce 

Roquefort 

ammonia 

cocoa 

Limburger 

salad 

apricot 

cognac 

macaroni 

Santos 

asparagus 

cordials 

macaroons 

sardines 

banana 

corn  starch 

mackerel 

sauerkraut 

biscuit 

creamery 

malaga 

Sauternes 

bluing 

crystallized 

mangoes 

sorghum 

bologna 

culinary 

mayonnaise 

spaghetti 

butterine 

diabetic 

Mocha 

spinach 

Camembert 

evaporated 

molasses 

succotash 

candied 

farina 

mulligatawny 

syrup 

cantaloupe 

flavoring 

mushrooms 

tamarind 

caramel 

gelatin 

mustard 

tangerine 

Castile 

gherkin 

noodles 

tapioca 

cauliflower 

glucose 

paprika 

terrapin 

caviar 

grapefruit 

peanut  butter 

tomatoes 

cayenne 

Guatemala 

persimmon 

vanilla 

cereal 

guava 

phosphate 

vegetables 

Ceylon 

haddies 

pimentos 

vermicelli 

cheese 

halibut 

preserves 

vinegar 

champagne 

horseradish 

pretzels 

walnut 

chicory 

imperial 

radish 

Yarmouth 

chocolate 

Java 

raisins 

yeast 

chow-chow 

kerosene 

raspberries 

Young  Hyson 

149 


EIGHTY-THIRD  LESSON-Lumber-Mill  Work 

"Our  grand  business  is  not  to  see  what  lies  dimly  in  the  distance,  but  to  do  what 
lies  closely  to  hand."  —  Carlyle. 

base-board 

dressed 

loblolly 

sawed 

beveled 

drop-siding 

lumber 

seasoned 

bevel  slab 

estimate 

mahogany 

second-class 

birch 

fencing 

maple 

shakes 

bird's-eye 

first-class 

molding 

shingles 

blinds 

flooring 

mortise 

ship-lap 

bone-dry 

framing 

newel 

siding 

bridging 

fretwork 

nosing 

sizing 

carload 

Georgia  pine 

ogee 

slaps 

cartage 

girders 

Oregon  pine 

sound 

casing 

grooved 

panel 

Southern  pine 

cedar 

hand-rail 

parquetry 

spar 

ceiling 

hardwood 

partition 

specifications 

cherry 

hauling 

peeled 

tallied 

chestnut 

heart-face 

planed 

teakwood 

clapboards 

hemlock 

plank 

tenon 

clear 

hickory 

plastering  lath 

timber 

column 

interior-finish 

poles 

tongued 

crossgrained 

jointed  stock 

poplar 

transom 

culls 

joists 

quarter-sawed 

veneering 

cypress 

kiln-dry 

rafters 

walnut 

diameter 

knotted 

red  oak 

weather-strip 

dimension 
[stuff 
double- 
[dressed 
dovetail 

lattice 
level 
lip  mold 

redwood 
rosewood 
sash 

white  oak 
white  pine 
yellow  pine 

150 


EIGHTY-FOURTH      LESSON—  Publishing,  Printing,  Advertising 

"A  man  should  never  be  ashamed  to  own  that  he  has  been  in  the  wrong,  which  is 
but  saying  in  other  words  that  he  is  wiser  to-day  than  he  was  yesterday."  —  Pope. 

advertiser 

editorial 

literature 

printer 

agate 

8-point 

lithograph 

proof-reader 

author 

electrotype 

lithotint 

proof-sheet 

binding 

embossing 

lower-case 

quadrats 

booklet 

envelopes 

magazine 

quarter-page 

bourgeois 

etchings 

make  -ready 

quarto 

brevier 

folding 

manuscript 

quoins 

bristol-board 

folio 

margin 

register 

calendar 

font 

minion 

reporter 

carbon 

foolscap 

monotype 

roan 

caret 

foreword 

mucilage 

stereotype 

catalog 

frontispiece 

newspaper 

stipple 

Clarendon 

furniture 

nonpareil 

style-book 

composition 

galley 

novel 

subscriber 

compositor 
contributor 

galley-proof 
half-tone 

octavo 
off-set 

three-color 
[process 
title-page 

copy 

head-line 

page-proof 

transpose 

copyright 

illustration 

pamphlet 

type-founder 

cutting 

insertion 

paper-stock 

type-metal 

de  luxe 

italics 

paragraph 

typography 

demy 

journalist 

parchment 

upper-case 

diphthong 

justifying 

photo-engrave 

vellum 

display 

ligature 

pica 

vignette 

edition 

line-drawing 

pressman 

volume 

editor 

linotype 

primer 

zinc 

151 


EIGHTY.  FIFTH    L  E  S  S  O  N-Machinery 

"The  more  we  do,  the  more  we  can  do;  the  more  busy  we  are,  the  more  leisure  we 
have."  —  Hazlitt. 

adz 

cotter 

hematite 

plunger 

anneal 

counterpoise 

hexagon 

proportional 

annular 

coupler 

horse-power 

reamer 

anvil 

crane 

hydraulic 

resilience 

articulation 

crucible 

inertia 

resinous 

atmospheric 

curvilinear 

intermittent 

riffler 

axial 

cycloidal 

involute 

riveter 

axis 

cylindrical 

joggle 

shank 

ballistic 

diameter 

junk-ring 

skew-gear 

bascule 

dimension 

kinematics 

spherical 

blue  -print 

disk 

kinetic 

sprocket 

braze 

distributory 

laminated 

superheated 

broach 

eccentric 

lever 

swivel 

burnisher 

emery 

linchpin 

tenon-saw 

bushing 

equaling 

longitudinal 

tensile 

calipers 

equatorial 

lubricity 

torsion 

case-harden 

flexure 

manometer 

turbine 

castellated 

fulcrum 

miter 

vacuum 

centrifugal 

gasket 

momentum 

velocity 

centripetal 

gearing 

multiplex 

veneer-saw 

chute 

governor 

nozzle 

volute 

circumference 

graphite 

orifice 

whetstone 

compressible 

gravity 

oscillating  ^ 

winch 

Corliss 

gudgeon 

pawl 

wrench 

corrugated 

helical 

piston 

zinc 

152 


CHAPTER  XVIII 


T    ABOR  is  life!    The  still  water  faileth; 

•*— '  Idleness  ever  despaireth,  bewalleth; 

Keep  the  watch  wound,  for  the  dark  rust  assaileth; 

Flowers  droop  and  die  in  the  stillness  of  noon. 
Labor  is  glory!     The  flying  cloud  lightens; 
Only  the  waving  wing  changes  and  brightens; 
Idle  hearts  only  the  dark  future  frightens; 

Play  the  sweet  keys  wouldst  thou  keep  them  in 
tune. 

— Francis  Osgood. 


153 


EIGHTY-SIXTH  L  E  S  S  O  N—  Railroading 

"The  world  is  a  great  book  of  which  they  who  never  stir  from  home  read  only  a 
page.  "  —  Augustine. 

accommoda- 
tion 
acetylene 

construction 
Corliss 

Jessop 
jib  crane 

siding 
snow-plow 

air  brake 
angle  bars 

coupler 
developing 

knuckles 
lap-welded 

standard 
[gauge 
stay-bolt 

arc  light 

dining-car 

liabilities 

steel 

auditor 

dividends 

liquefying 

storage 

baggage 

double-track 

locomotive 

structural 

Baldwin 
billets 

draw-bar 
Edison 

lubricant 
machine  shop 

superintend- 
[ent 
tariff 

block-signal 
box  car 

encumbrance 
equipment 

Merchants 
[Despatch 
motive-power 

telegraph 
terminal 

brake  beam 

flagman 

motor 

terminus 

brakeman 

foreman 

negotiable 

tie-plate 

broad-gage 

forgings 

piston 

ties 

caboose 

gas-tank 

pivoted 

torpedo 

cane  fabric 
capacity 
casings 

gang 
girder 
gondola  car 

preferred 
[stock 
pressure 
[gauge 
refrigerator 

trackage 
traffic 
train-master 

channel 
collision 
commuter 

grading 
hydraulic 
icing 

reorganiza- 
tion 
riveting 

round-house 

transmission 

transporta- 
[tion 
tubular 

compressor 

ingot 

schedule 

turntable 

concrete 

insulated 

seamless 

vestibule 

conductor 

interurban 

securities 

viaduct 

consolidated 

jackscrew 

semaphore 

yards 

154 


EIGHTY-SEVENTH  LESSON-Real  Estate-Insurance 

"A  great  war  leaves  the  country  with  three  armies  —  an  army  of  rebels,  an  army  of 
mourners,  and  an  army  of  thieves."  —  German  Proverb. 

abstract 

fireproof 

mortgagee 

sewer 

adjuster 

first-mortgage 

non-resident 

site 

adjustment 
allotment 

foreclose 
foundation 

notary 
occupancy 

situated 
solicitor 

appurte- 
[nances 
architect 

frontage 
gilt-edged 

orchard 
ordinance 

specifications 
subdivision 

bench-land 

grantee 

parcel 

sublease 

beneficiary 

grantor 

partition 

suburban 

bonafide 

guarantee 

partnership 

surrender 

cancellation 

highway 

payable 

survey 

casualty 

hydrant 

personalty 

syndicate 

chattels 

improvement 

picturesque 

taxes 

concrete 

incontestable 

plat 

tenant 

conservator 

indemnity 

premium 

terrace 

convertible 

interior 

probate 

timber  claim 

conveyance 

installment 

purchaser 

tontine 

curb-stone 
delinquent 
depreciate 

irrigation 
itemize 
landlord 

quitclaim 
[deed 
quarter- 
[section 
real  estate 

tornado 
transaction 
trespass 

drainage 

lavatory 

realty 

trust  deed 

encumbrance 

lease 

receivership 

trustee 

estate 
expiring 

lien 
liquidate 

reserve  fund 
reversionary 

twenty- 
[payment 
two  -family 

exposure 

mantel 

riparian 

vacant 

exterior 

mortgage 

semi-factory 

warranty* 

155 


EIGHTY-EIGHTH    L  E  S  S  O  N-Hardware 

"The  more  business  a  man  has  to  do,  the  more  he  is  able  to  accomplish;  for  he 
learns  to  economize  his  time."  —  Judge  Hale. 

agate  ware 

clevises 

harrow  teeth 

pumice 

andirons 

colander 

hedge  shears 

rabbet-planes 

asbestos 

compasses 

hinges 

reamers 

auger 

corrugated 

holsters 

rebounding 

Babbitt  metal 

countersinks 

horizontal 

refrigerators 

balances 

crosscut 

implement 

reloaders 

barbed  wire 

currycombs 

japanned 

retinned 

barometers 

cutlery 

laminated 

scabbards 

bevels 

Damascus 

latches 

scythe 

bevel  square 

disks 

malleable 

seines 

biscuit  cutters 

doubletree 

manicure 

sieve 

bitstock 

emery 

Manila  paper 

solder 

boring 
[machine 
breastchains 

enameled 
escutcheons 

mattock 
mauls 

steelyards 
studs 

breech- 
loading 
broadax 

extinguishers 
felly  (or)  felloe 

miter-squares 
mortises 

swages 
swivels 

butts 

ferrules 

nickel-plated 

tarpaulins 

buttresses 
caliber 

galvanized 
gauges 

nipple 
octagon 

trammel 
[points 
tripods 

calipers 

gimlets 

percussion 

trowels 

canister 
chafing-dish 

glaziers' 
[points 
goggles 

perforated 
pincers 

tubing 
tureens 

chamfer 

gridiron 

primers 

tweezers 

chandelier 

names 

protractors 

whiffletree 

chisels 

hame  clips 

pulleys 

Yankee 
calipers 

156 


EIGHTY-NINTH  LESSON-Mining 

"Work  is  only  done  well  when  it  is  done  with  a  will."  —  Ruskin. 

agate 

bullion 

fissure 

manganese 

affinity 

cache 

flume 

matrix 

aggregated 

calcareous 

flux 

mercury 

alloy 

calcite 

forfeiture 

metallurgy 

alluvium. 

cannel  coal 

fossil 

mineralogy 

amalgam 
ampelite 

canon 
(can-yun) 
carbonate 

galena 
galvanize 

nodule 
nugget 

an  de  site 

carboniferous 

garnet 

onyx 

anglesite 

cinnabar 

glacial 

oxide 

anthracite 

clean-up 

glacier 

placer 

antimony 

cleavage 

grubstake 

porphyry 

arehimedean 

cobalt 

gulch 

precipitate 

assaying 

concrete 

gypsum 

pyrites 

assessment 

conduit 

hematite 

quartz 

attrition 

corundum 

hydraulic 

quartzito 

auriferous 

crevice 

igneous 

ravine 

azurite 

crosscut 

indurated 

refractory 

basalt 

crucible 

iridium 

riffles 

base-metal 

cyanide 

jasper 

silica 

bismuth 

debris 

jigger 

sluice 

bitumen 

diggings 

kaolin 

stope 

blende 

disintegrated 

lava 

superficial 

bonanza 

erosion 

lignite 

tailings 

boulders 

fault 

litharge 

triturate 

brazing 

feldspar 

malachite 

vitreous 

157 


NINETIETH  L  E  S  S  O  N-  Agriculture 

"The  chains  of  habit  are  generally  too  small  to  be  felt  till  they  are  too  strong  to  be 
broken  .  '  '  —  Johnson. 

agriculture 

fallow 

irrigation 

seepage 

agronomy 

farm-hands 

Jersey 

separator 

alfalfa 

fencing 

lateral 

shearing 

alluvial 

fertilizer 

leveling 

sheaves 

asparagus 

fleece 

loamy 

slaughter 

berries 

fodder 

lucern 

sowing 

buckwheat 

forest  reserve 

market 

spading 

canals 

ginning 

marshy 

spinach 

cattle 

gooseberry 

meadow 

spraying 

celery 

grading 

miller 

sterile 

checkreins 

grafting 

motor-plow 

stubble 

clayey 

granary 

onion 

stumpy 

clover 

grazing 

orchard 

sugar  beets 

contract 

grinder 

packing 

surcingle 

cornstalk 

hard  wheat 

pasture 

tenant 

cotton  gin 

harness 

phosphate 

thresher 

cranberry 

harrow 

planter 

timothy 

cultivator 

hayrake 

plateau 

traction 

currants 

hayrick 

plowshare 

tugs 

dairy 

hedge 

poultry 

valley 

derrick 

herder 

prairie 

vehicle 

ditches 

Hereford 

productive 

wagon 

drainage 

homestead 

raspberry 

water  right 

dry  farm 

horticulture 

reaper 

windmill 

Durham 

incubator 

rocky 

wool 

158 


SUPPLEMENTARY    EXERCISE    ON     WORDS 
DIFFICULT  TO   PRONOUNCE 


This  short  story,  from  the  Detroit  Free  Press,  contains  most  of  the  common  words 
ordinarily  mispronounced  by  even  educated  people.  It  affords  a  valuable  drill  in  both 
spelling  and  pronunciation.  It  is  suggested  that  a  list  of  the  words  be  prepared  by 
the  student,  and  the  correct  pronunciation,  obtained  from  the  dictionary.  An  oral 
test  may  then  be  given  on  pronunciation,  followed  by  a  written  test  in  spelling. 


GEOFFREY 


Geoffrey,  surnamed  Wiuthrop,  sat  in  the  depot  at  Chicago,  waiting 
for  his  train  and  reading  the  Tribune,  when  a  squadron  of  street 
Arabs  (incomparable  for  squalor)  thronged  from  a  neighboring  alley, 
uttering  hideous  cries,  accompanied  by  inimitable  gestures  of  heinous 
exultation,  as  they  tortured  a  humble  black  and  tan  dog. 

"  You  little  blackguards ! "  cried  Winthrop,  stepping  outside  and 
confronting  them,  adding  the  inquiry,  "Whose  dog  is  that?" 

"That  audacious  Caucasian  has  the  bravado  to  interfere  with  our 
clique,"  tauntingly  shrieked  the  indisputable  little  ruffian,  exhibiting 
combativeness. 

"  What  will  you  take  for  him  ?  "  asked  the  lenient  Geoffrey,  ignor- 
ing the  venial  tirade. 

"  Twenty-seven  cents,"  piquantly  answered  the  ribald  urchin, 
grabbing  the  crouching  dog  by  the  nape. 

"You  can  buy  licorice  and  share  with  the  indecorous  coadjutors 
of  your  condemnable  cruelty,"  said  Winthrop,  paying  the  price  and 
taking  the  dog  from  the -child.  Then,  catching  up  his  valise  and  um- 
brella, he  hastened  to  his  train.  Winthrop  satisfied  himself  that  his 
sleek  prote'ge*  was  not  wounded,  and  then  cleaned  the  cement  from 
the  pretty  collar  and  read  these  words : 

"  Leicester.    Licensed,  No.  1880." 

Hearing  the  pronunciation  of  his  name,  the  docile  canine  ex- 
pressed gratitude  and  pleasure,  and  then  sank  exhausted  at  his  new 
patron's  feet  and  slept. 

Among  the  passengers  was  a  magazine  contributor,  writing  vaga- 
ries of  Indian  literature,  also  two  physicians,  a  somber,  irrevocable, 
irrefragable  allopathist,  and  a  genial  homeopathist,  who  made  a 
specialty  of  bronchitis.  Two  peremptory  attorneys  from  the  legis- 
lature of  Iowa  were  discussing  the  politics  of  the  epoch  and  the 
details  of  national  finance,  while  a  wan,  dolorous  person  wearing  con- 

159 


GEOFFREY 


cave  glasses  alternately  ate  trochees  and  almonds  for  a  sedative,  and 
sought  condolence  in  a  high,  lamentable  treble  from  a  lethargic  and 
somewhat  deaf  and  enervated  comrade  not  yet  acclimated.  Near  three 
exemplary  brethren  (probably  sinecurists)  sat  a  group  of  humorous 
youths,  and  a  jocose  sailor  (lately  from  Asia)  in  a  blouse  waist  and 
tarpaulin  hat,  was  amusing  his  patriotic  juvenile  listeners  by  relating 
a  series  of  the  most  extraordinary  legends  extant,  suggested  by  the 
contents  of  the  knapsack,  which  he  was  calmly  and  leisurely  arrang- 
ing in  a  pyramidal  form  on  a  three-legged  stool.  Above  swung  fig- 
ured placards  with  museum  and  lyceum  advertisements,  too  verbose 
to  be  misconstrued. 

A  mature  matron  of  medium  height  and  her  comely  daughter  soon 
entered  the  car  and  took  seats  in  front  of  Winthrop  (who  recalled 
having  seen  them  one  Tuesday  in  February  in  the  parquet  of  a 
theater).  The  young  lady  had  recently  made  her  debut  into  society 
at  a  musical  soire*e  at  her  aunt's.  She  had  an  exquisite  bouquet  of 
flowers  that  exhaled  sweet  perfume.  She  said  to  her  parent: 
"Mamma,  shall  we  ever  find  my  lost  Leicester?" 

Geoffrey  immediately  addressed  her,  saying  as  he  presented  his 
card: 

"  Pardon  my  apparent  intrusiveness ;  but  prithee,  have  you  lost  a 
pet  dog?" 

The  explanation  that  he  had  been  stolen  was  scarcely  necessary, 
for  Leicester,  just  awakening,  vehemently  expressed  his  inexplicable 
joy  by  buoyantly  vibrating  between  the  two  like  the  sounding  lever 
used  in  telegraphy  (for  to  neither  of  them  would  he  show  partiality), 
till,  succumbing  to  ennui,  he  purported  to  take  a  recess,  and  sat  on 
his  haunches,  complaisantly  contemplating  his  friends.  It  was  truly 
an  interesting  picture. 

They  reached  their  destination  ere  the  sun  was  beneath  the  hori- 
zon. Often  during  the  summer  Winthrop  gallantly  rowed  from  the 
quay  with  the  naive  and  blithe  Beatrice  in  her  jaunty  yachting  suit, 
but  no  coquetry  shone  from  the  depths  of  her  azure  eyes.  Little 
Less,  their  jocund  confidant  and  courier  (who  was  as  sagacious  as  a 
spaniel ) ,  always  attended  them  on  these  occasions,  and  whene'er  they 
rambled  through  the  woodland  paths.  While  the  band  played  strains 
from  Beethoven,  Mendelssohn,  Bach,  and  others,  they  promenaded  the 
long  corridors  of  the  hotel.  And  one  evening,  as  Beatrice  lighted  the 
gas  by  the  e"tagere  in  her  charming  boudoir  in  their  suite  of  rooms, 
there  glistened  brilliantly  a  valuable  solitaire  diamond  on  her  finger. 

Let  us  look  into  the  future  for  the  sequel  to  perfect  this  romance, 
and  around  a  cheerful  hearth  we  see  again  Geoffrey  and  Beatrice, 
who  are  paying  due  homage  to  their  tiny  friend  Leicester. 

160 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Abbreviations  of  Names  of  States 134 

Advertising,  Words  used  in 151 

Agriculture,  Words  used  in 158 

Antonyms   .83, 84,  85 

Architecture,  Words  used  in 142 

Automobile  Business,  Words  used  in 143 

Bicycle  Business,  Words  used  in 143 

Building  Trades,  Words  used  in 142 

Business,  W°rds  used  in 100>  102»  104»  106>  110»  112>  114»  116 

Carpet  Business,  Words  used  in 148 

Chapter  Pages 7,  17,  27,  37,  47,  57,  67,  77,  83,  89,  99,  109,  119,  129, 

135,  141,  147,  153 

Cities  of  the  United  States 136 

Cities,  Names  of— difficult  to  spell 138,  139 

Commercial   Abbreviations 140 

Commercial  Terms 120,  122,  124,  126 

Derivative  Words 40 

Discriminated  Words 68,  70,  72,  74 

Dry  Goods  Business,  Words  used  in 1 145 

E  before  1 28 

Electrical  Industry,  Words  used  in 146 

English    Suffixes 45 

French   Suffixes 45 

French    Words 130 

Furniture  Business,  Words  used  in 148 

Gas  Engine  Manufacture,  Words  used  in 143 

"  Geoffrey,"  a  story 159, 160 

Greek    Suffixes 45 

Grocery  Business,  Words  used  in 149 

Guide  to  Pronunciation 5 

Hardware  Business,  Words  used  in 156 

Homophonous  Words 48,  50,  52,  54,  58,  60,  62,  64 

Hyphen,  When  used •. 131,  132 

Hyphen,  When  not  used 133 

I  before  E 28 

Insurance  Business,  Words  used  in 155 

Largest  Cities  in  the  World,  Names  of 138,  139 

Latin  Words  and  Phrasesf , 130 

Latin  Prefixes 43 

Latin    Suffixes 44 

Law,  Words  used  in 90,  92,  94,  96 

Lumber  Business,  Words  used  in 150 

Machinery  Manufacture,  Words  used  in 152 

Mill  Work,  Words  used  in 150 

161 


INDEX 


Mining,  Words  used  in 157 

Names  and  Abbreviations  of  States 134 

Names  of  Cities  Difficult  to  Spell ;. .     137 

Plural  Forms 79,  80,  81 

Possessive    Forms 78 

Prefixes,  English ......  ^ 42 

Prefixes,  Greek , 42 

Prefixes,  Latin 43 

Printing  Business,  Words  used  in 151 

Publishing  Business,  Words  used  in 151 

KM  il  road  Business;  Words  used  in > . .     154 

Real  Estate  Business.  Words  used  in 155 

Review  and  General  Exercises 16,  26,  36,  46,  56,  66,  76,  82,  88,  98, 

108,  118,  128 

Rules  for  spelling 6,  34,  38,  40 

S  having  the  sound  of  Z 30 

Short  words  commonly  misspelled. . .  .4,  8,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  IS,  19 

States,  Abbreviations  for  names  of 134 

Suffixes  defined 22,  24,  32 

Suffixes,    English 45 

Suffixes,  French 45 

Suffixes,    Greek 45 

Suffixes,   Latin . . . 44 

Textile  Industry,  Words  used  in 145 

Words  having  long  I  in  the  last  syllable 20,  21 

Words  of  Opposite  Meaning 83,  84,  85 

Words  Often  Mispronounced 86,  87,  88, 159, 160 

Words  used  in  Agriculture 158 

"  Architecture  and  Building  Trades. ............     142 

Automobile,  Bicycle  and  Gas  Engine  Manufacture     143 

Business 100,  102,  104,  106,  110,  112,  114,  116 

Civil  Engineering 144 

Dry  Goods 145 

Electrical  Work 146 

Furniture  and  Carpet  Business 148 

Grocery  Business   149 

Hardware  Business  156 

Insurance  Business . .     155 

Law 90,  92,  94,  96 

Lumber  and  Mill  Work  Industry 150 

Machinery  Manufacture  152 

Mining  Industry 157 

Printing,  Publishing,  Advertising 151 

Railroad  Business   154 

Real  Estate  Business 155 

162 


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OVERDUE  ™E  SEVENTH  DAY 


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